6. Illegitimate Opportunity Structure
- Cloward and Ohlin
- Miller
- Bourgious
7. Found evidence of focal concerns amongst youths in Liverpool
- Parker
- Downes
- Miller
8. Anomie/ benefits of crime include reaffirming the boundaries, social cohesion and changing values
- Durkhiem
- Merton
- Cohen
9. Black youths in Philidelphia were innovators
- Merton
- Nightingale
- Bourgios
10. 'El Barrio' - drug dealers in New York aspired to the 'American Dream' to the extent that they became innovators
- Nightingale
- Bourgios
- Merton
