Frontsheet 1 Germany

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What were the 1918 October reforms?
Prince Max made the new Chancellor, Reichstag given real powers to pass laws, Army under Reichstag control
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What date did Prince Max hand Chancellor to Ebert?
9th November 1918
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
War guilt, Armed forces, League of Nations, Territories, Reparations
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How much of Germany's land was given away after TOV?
13%
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Which Article stated that Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war?
231
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Who replaced Scheidemann after he resigned?
Bauer
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What was the nickname given to the people in government who agreed with the Treaty?
November Criminals
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Who out of Lloyd George, Wilson and Clemenceau was happy with the harsh terms of TOV?
Clemenceau
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Who out of Lloyd George, Wilson and Clemenceau refused to join LON because they disagreed with the harsh terms of TOV?
Wilson
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What was the 'Stab in the back' myth?
The myth that the government had stabbed the German people in the back.
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What date did Ludendorff resign?
26th October 1918
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What date did the German delegates sign TOV?
28th June 1919
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What date was the Ebert-Groener pact?
10th November 1918
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What was the Ebert-Groener pact?
Groener promised the army would help keep order and support Ebert. Ebert promised he would not give in to workers and soldiers councils who wanted to democratise the army.
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What date was the Stinnes-Leigen agreement?
15th November 1918
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What was the Stinnes-Leigen agreement?
An agreement between industrialists and trade unions over working conditions.
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Name 3 strengths of Weimar.
Women could now vote and become deputies in the Reichstag. Proportional representation - small parties had a say. Full democracy in local and central government. Constitution clearly set out rights of the individual.
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Name 2 weaknesses of Weimar.
Small parties used proportional representation for publicity. There were coalition governments so none of the larger parties could gain overall majority. All governments were short-lived coalitions.
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By 1920, prices were 14 times higher than in...
1913
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Who was the 1920 coalition led by?
Fehrenbach
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What % was unemployment at in 1921?
1.8%
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Who was Fehrenbach replaced with in 1921?
Wirth.
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When did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr and why?
January 1923. Germany had fallen behind in their reparation payments.
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How did Cuno respond to the invasion?
Stopping reparation payments and beginning passive resistance.
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How many Germans were shot during the 8 month occupation?
132
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Why were the economic results of the occupation catastrophic for Germany?
Paying the wages of workers on strike was a further drain on finances. Tax revenue was lost from unemployed workers and businesses. Germany had to import coal as most of their coal reserves were taken away in TOV. Shortage of goods.
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What was the number of dollars to the mark in Jan 1920?
64.8
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What was the number of dollars to the mark in Nov 1923?
4,200,000,000,000
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What were the 3 social reforms issued in 1919?
Law passed limiting the working day to max. of 8 hours. State health insurance system extended to include wives, daughters and the disabled. Aid for war veterans incapable of working due to injury become responsibility of national government.
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Name the winners of hyperinflation.
Black-marketeers, Enterprising business people, Those leasing property on long-term rents, Farmers, Hugo Stinnes
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Who is Hugo Stinnes?
The owner of German-Luxemburg Mining Company and Rhine-Westphalian Electric Company. He raised large bank loans.
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Who were the losers of hyperinflation?
Pensioners, landlords, artisans and small business owners, the mittlestand, the sick
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What did the number of SPD's seats in the Reichstag decrease to from Jan 1919 to June 1920?
163 to 103
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What did the number of USPD's seats increase to from Jan 1919 to June 1920?
22 to 83
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How many coalition governments were there from Feb 1919 - Nov 1923?
10
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Why did Bauer's government fail?
Kapp Putsch
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What date was the Spartacist uprising and who was it led by?
5th Jan 1919. Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
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What was the aim of the Spartacist uprising?
To overthrow Ebert's government
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Why did the Spartacist uprising fail?
Poorly prepared, had little support, was brutally crushed by the Freikorps on 13th Jan.
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Name 2 other left wing uprisings.
March 1919 - another Spartacist rising in Berlin, communist government established in Bavaria. 1920 - communists formed 'Red Army' and took over the Ruhr. March 1921 - KDP tried to force a revolution.
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Who began the Kapp Putsch?
General Luttwitz
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Why did the Putsch fail?
Failed to gain widespread support. Collapsed in 4 days.
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Name 3 political assassinations.
Hugo Haase, Mattias Erzberger, Walter Rathenau.
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When was Walter Rathenau shot?
June 1922
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How many political assassinations took place between 1919-1923?
376
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How many of the political assassinations were carried out by the right?
354
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Which law was passed in July 1922 to stop assassinations and disband the Organisation Consul?
Law for the Protection of the Republic
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What event caused the Beer Hall Putsch?
End of passive resistance
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When was the Beer Hall Putsch?
November 1923
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Who was addressing the meeting of 2000 in the Beer Hall?
von Lossow and von Kahr
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Why was the Beer Hall Putsch significant?
It showed Hitler he could only take over through legal means.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What date did Prince Max hand Chancellor to Ebert?

Back

9th November 1918

Card 3

Front

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How much of Germany's land was given away after TOV?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which Article stated that Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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