French Wars- Impacts on the economy

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How much counterfeit money did Napoleon put in the British economy?
£2 million
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When was the Berlin Decree?
1806
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Why did Napoleon introduce counterfeit money in Britain?
Inflate the currency and collapse banks
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What was the continental system?
Prevention of European countries under French influence from trade with Britain
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What was the Berlin Decree?
Forbid imports from Britain
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What were the aims of the continental system? (3)
Weaken exports, inflate the economy, force Britain into debt
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What was the Order in Council of 1807?
British blockades of any ports disallowing trade and seizure of trade with France
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When was the Milan Decree?
1807
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What was the Milan Decree?
All neutral shipping using British ports was to be seized
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When was the Treaty of Tilsit?
1807
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What was the Treaty of Tilsit? (2)
Prevention of Russian trade with Britain, and agreement of aid for the French military
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Which European country defied the continental system in 1808?
Sweden
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Which European country defied the continental system in 1810?
Russia
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Why did the continental system fail?
French companies had no competition in European markets, increasing prices for imports and forcing nations into poverty
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What were the impacts of the continental system? (3)
Some reduction in British trade, fall in French production due to lack of imported raw materials, lack of support for Napoleon as European nations became poorer
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Where did Britain get timber from due to the continental system?
Canada (cheaper timber)
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From what year did France allow British imports?
1813
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Why was Britain largely unaffected by the continental system? (3)
Could trade with America and colonies, smuggling, control of world markets meant Britain could collect taxes on merchant shipping
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When was the War of 1812?
1812-1814 (fighting continued into 1815)
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What were the reasons for the War of 1812? (2)
Americans angry with the British for blockading trade with Europe, and for impressing Americans into the navy
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Why did Britain dislike America in 1812? (2)
Manifest destiny, attempts to take Canada
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What were the economic impacts in America of the War of 1812
British blockades meant America couldn't trade, leading her almost to bankruptcy
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Why did the War of 1812 end? (2)
Demands from British companies to re-open trade with the US due to an increase in taxes, and end to the Napoleonic Wars meant an end to blockades
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Who won the War of 1812?
Nobody (status quo ante bellum)
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How much did the French Wars cost Britain?
£830 million
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How was the war paid for?
Private merchant banks, 'sin' taxes, and graduated income tax
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What was the average economic growth rate per year during the French Wars?
6%
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What did the high rate of economic growth allow in terms of getting money for war? (2)
Tax increases could be afforded and debts could be paid off
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What were the impacts of the French Wars on living standards in Britain? (2)
Wage stagnation due to taxes, increased food prices due to shortage (army needed to be fed) and tariffs
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What proportion of the male population of Britain was in the army by 1815?
1/6
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Why was Britain more efficient than other nations in agriculture? (3)
Selective breeding, crop rotation, technology
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When was the Board of Agriculture set up?
1793
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What was the role of the Board of Agriculture?
Increase production by enclosure
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What was the impact of the continental system on agriculture?
Britain relied on imports for food, so food prices increased
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What increased food prices further in 1809 and 1810?
Poor harvests
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How did the admiralty try to get cheaper wood?
Price controls on oak
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Why did the admiralty's attempts to get cheaper wood fail?
Timber merchants held back supplies until price controls were lifted in 1804
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What was the impact of war on the growth of the economy?
Stimulated production, research, and development
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How many cotton mills did Britain have in 1815?
Over 300
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What allowed the rapid production of ship's blocks, leading to 130,000 being produced in 1808?
Portsmouth block mills
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What impacts did the war have on transport?
50% canal increase, 1804- invention of the steam locomotive (due to research and development money)
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What were Martello towers?
Round, thick, cannon-resistant fortifications with rotating guns on top
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What was the impact of innovation on employment?
Unemployment as people were replaced by machines
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What were the Combinations Acts?
Prevented trade union formation
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What led to the development of the Combinations Acts?
Luddism (destruction of machinery in response to unemployment)
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What is habeas corpus and when was it suspended?
No imprisonment without charge and trial, suspended 1794
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What happened in the Peterloo massacre?
Cavalry charge on protesters
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When was the Peterloo massacre?
1819
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What were the demands of the Peterloo massacre demonstrators?
Parliamentary reform, reduction in food prices, help with unemployment
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What were the strengths of the East India Company? (2)
Controlled half of world trade, had a fleet and a larger army than Britain
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How did the East India Company aid the war effort?
The Royal Navy protected EIC trade ships in return for trade and transport of goods
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What material replaced oak as the ship-building staple?
Fir
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When did fir replace oak?
1804
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of building ships with oak?
Slow-growing, limited supply, harder to work with, strong against cannon fire
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of building ships with fir?
Fast-growing, large supply, easier to work with, easier repair, more damage by cannon fire
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When were riders introduced in ships?
1801
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What was the purpose of ship's riders?
Clamped planks together to prevent leakage
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How did steam power improve the navy?
Steam pumps were introduced in dockyards for faster repair and more time at sea
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What was the role of the Board of Ordnance?
Commissioned, produced, tested, and supplied weapons and ammo
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Why was British gunpowder so effective?
Rigorously tested by the Board of Ordnance, leading to increased competition in suppliers, so increased research and development
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What was the role of the Board of Victualling?
Made and supplied food for troops and sailors
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What were the main foods and drinks consumed on ships?
Ship's biscuit, beer, rum, salted meat
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What were the roles of the Board of Transport?
Move men and supplies, control transport of the sick, see to the provisions of POWs
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Card 2

Front

When was the Berlin Decree?

Back

1806

Card 3

Front

Why did Napoleon introduce counterfeit money in Britain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the continental system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the Berlin Decree?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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