The principal of causality states that every event and every change has a cause. It is supposed to apply without exceptions.
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Determinism
Theory- given a determinate set of conditions, only one possible outcome is possible because of laws of nature.This applies as much to human behaviour and decisions as it does to physical events such as famine.
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Introjected
Unconsciously internalised values that originate externally.
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Autonomous
Having self rule and self determination,so a person is sole author of his/her decisions, a free agent able to choose his/her desires and moral laws.
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Necessarily
"Logically necessary". It largely follows from the concept of omniscience, that God knows our future.
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Fatalism
As all events are predetermined, any attempt to change the future is futile. (may as well not do anything).
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Physicalism
Everything described as mental activity can be reduced to physical events. Eg happiness is neurones firing in the brain. However not all modern theories are reductive, but mental states can be regarded as nothing but brain activity.
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Ontologically
Refers to what ultimately exists. Literally means "being".
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Materialism
Matter alone exists, and ideas and mental activity are entirely dependent on physical conditions.
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Indeterminism
The view that some events are not causally determined, it implies the possibility of randomness.
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Randomness
Lacking any definite plan or order
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Dualsim
Theory that the nature of the mind is a pure thinking substance, which is distinct from the body. Human beings therefore consist of 2 substances- the immaterial mind and the material body.
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Subjectivity
Means several things to Sarte. Consists of an awareness of self, which is foundation of personal choice. We 'make' ourselves and the world in the way we interpret it.
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Compatabilism
The view that natural causality does not rule out freewill. My desires may be determined but I am free to the extent that I can act on my desires.
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Necessary
If a connection is necessary, it is true no matter what.
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Contingent
If a connection is contingent, it is conceivable that it could be different . It does not have to be true.
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Utopia
A society with ideal laws and an ideal way of life. (derives from Thomas More 1516 who set out his version of the ideal community)
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Desert
When we speak of a crime deserving a punishment, we expect the scale of the punishment to be proportionate to the crime to reflect what we are entitled to or worthy of. But it might take a disproportionate 'treatment' to' heal' a kleptomaniac.
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Mitigated responsibility
The degree of responsibility is reduced.
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Volition
A mental event initiating action. To will.
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Competencies
A competence in this context means ' the ability to be able to' or 'to know how to'.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Theory- given a determinate set of conditions, only one possible outcome is possible because of laws of nature.This applies as much to human behaviour and decisions as it does to physical events such as famine.
Back
Determinism
Card 3
Front
Unconsciously internalised values that originate externally.
Back
Card 4
Front
Having self rule and self determination,so a person is sole author of his/her decisions, a free agent able to choose his/her desires and moral laws.
Back
Card 5
Front
"Logically necessary". It largely follows from the concept of omniscience, that God knows our future.
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