suggests we have the power to consciously control and make choices about our thoughts and behaviour
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which psychologists support free will?
Humanistic psychologists, like Rogers and Maslow
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determinism definition
we do not have conscious control over our thoughts and behavior, instead it is controlled by external and internal influences
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Name 5 different types of determinism
Hard, Soft, Biological, Environmental, Psychic
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Explain Hard determinism
everything that we think or do is dictated by external influences which we cannot consciously control
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explain soft determinism
allows for some element of free will, advocated by the cognitive approach
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explain biological determinism
advocated for by the biological approach, believes that behaviour is determined by biological (genetics, hormones, evolution) influences
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explain environmental determinsim
advocated by the behaviourist approach, it believes that behaviour is caused by features of the environment (such as systems of reward or punishment) that we cannot control
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explain psychic determinism
belief advocated by the psychodynamic approach that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control
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advantage of determinism
scientific emphasis on causal explanations is that it lead to a number of practical explanations e.g schizophrenia being a result of over transmission lead to the development of drugs. Helped researchers to predict behaviour and benefit people's life
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disadvantage of determinism (bio+env)
(Bio+Env) external and internal influences are not likely to completely explain behaviour alone. Use slater + shield's study as an example, (not 100% genetic), however it cannot be just the environment either
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disadvantage of determinism
goes against the legal system e.g. research into the role of MAOA gene in aggression found we may be pre-programmed to be aggressive and therefore have no free will. This means it could be seen as wrong for the legal system to find people responsible
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advantage of free will (fv)
everyday experience gives the implication that we are exercising free will, through the choices we make, meaning there is high face validity and is plausible. However, this is not scientific evidence.
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advantage of free will (loc)
people with a high locus of control seem to be less likely to conform to societal pressures as they are more in control of their behaviour, suggesting that even if we do not have free will, thinking we do will have a positive impact on our behaviour
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an interactionist approach
social learning theory takes a soft determinist approach and is therefore holistic. Believes we are strongly influenced by environmental factors and also believes there is a cognitive element towards it.
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