Foundation Chemistry

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What is the relative mass, charge and location in the atom of a proton?
1,+1 and nucleus
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what is the relative mass, charge and location in the atom of a neutron?
1, 0, and nucleus
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What is the relative mass, charge and location in the atom of an electron?
1/1860, -1 and outer shells
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Define atomic number.
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Define mass number.
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties as each other?
Same electron configuration
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Is atomic number the top or bottom number in its symbol?
Bottom
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What is the number of electrons in an atom equal to?
The atomic number
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How do you calculate amount of electrons in an ion?
Atomic number - charge of ion
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Define relative isotopic mass.
Mass of an isotope of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative atomic mass?
Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Sum of (mass x abundance of each isotope) / total abundance
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What is the relative formula mass?
Mass of one formula unit of an ionic compound compared to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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How do you find relative formula mass?
Sum of all relative atomic masses of atoms in formula unit
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What is the relative molecular mass?
Mass of one molecule of compound relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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How do you find Mr?
Adding together relative atomic masses of all atoms in the molecule
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How do you find the percentage composition by mass?
(Mass of element wanted / Mr ) x 100
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How do you calculate mass of water of crystallisation in a hydrated salt?
(Mass of water / Mr) x 100
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What is one mole of a substance?
Amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are in exactly 12g of carbon-12
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How many particles are there in one mole and what is it called?
6.02 x10^23 and it is called Avogadro's constant
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What is the mass of one mole of substance equal to and what is this value called an its units?
Its Mr in grams, molar mass and gmol^-1
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What is moles calculation of solid?
Mass/Mr
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What is mole calculation of liquid?
Concentration x volume
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How do you calculate number of atoms in a given mass?
Calculate amount of moles then multiply by Avogadro's constant
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What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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What is the molecular formula?
The actual ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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How do you calculate the molecular formula?
Find empirical formula and then its Mr, divide Mr of compound by empirical formula mass then multiply amount of atoms by the answer
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What does diatomic element mean and state some.
Atoms that are in pairs, H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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What are some common acids and give their molecular formula.
Hydrochloric acid HCl, Nitric Acid HNO3, Sulfuric acid H2SO4, and phosphoric acid H3PO4
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What does a balanced equation show?
Formula of reactants and products, relative number of moles which react and the products which are formed, physical states of reactants and products
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What has to be equal in a chemical reaction?
Number of atoms of each element on both sides
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What does stoichiometry tell you?
Relative number of moles of reactants and products involved in a reaction.
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What is an acid?
A proton donor
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What does an acid release when dissolved in water?
H+ ions
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What is a base?
A proton acceptor
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What are some common bases?
Copper oxide, Sodium oxide, Sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide and Ammonia
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What is an alkali?
A base which releases hydroxide ions dissolved in water
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What is a salt?
Substance produced when H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion.
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What is products of acid and metal?
Salt and hydrogen
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What is product of salt and alkali?
Salt and water
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What is product of salt and base?
Salt and water
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What is product of salt and carbonate?
Salt, water and carbon dioxide
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What is an ionic equation?
An equation which removes spectator ions from the balanced equation
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What is a hydrated salt and why?
One that contains water due to the fact that water molecules are attatched to the ions in the ionic compound of the salt
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How do you make a salt anhydrous?
Heat the salt - this drives off the water molecules from the ionic compound
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What does water of crystallisation refer to?
Amount of water molecules which form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a hydrated salt.
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What are the steps in calculating the number of moles of water of crystallisation?
1. Know masses of hydrated and anhydrous salts 2. Mass of water = mass of hydrated salt - anhydrous salt 3. Work out no. of moles of anhydrous salt and water 4. Find simple whole number ratio
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the relative mass, charge and location in the atom of a neutron?

Back

1, 0, and nucleus

Card 3

Front

What is the relative mass, charge and location in the atom of an electron?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define atomic number.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define mass number.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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