Foundation Chemistry Definitions

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Atomic Number
number of protons in an atom
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Mass Number
number protons and neutrons in an atom
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Isotopes
an atom with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
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Relative Isotopic Mass
the mass of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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Relative Atomic Mass
the average mass of atoms of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
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Mole
one mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are in exactly 12g of carbon 12
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Empirical Formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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Molecular Formula
number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Stoichiometry
the relative number of moles of reactants and products involved in a reaction
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Theoretical Yield
the number of moles expected if the reactants were completely converted into products
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Actual Yield
the actual number of moles of product formed in the reaction
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Atom Economy
a measure of the efficiency of a reaction in terms of the atoms involved
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Hydrated Salt
a salt which contains water
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Anhydrous
when hydrated salts are heated and the water is driven off
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Concentration
the number of moles of solute dissolved in one mole dm^3 of solution
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Oxidising Agent
an electron acceptor: in a redox reaction it is reduced
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Reducing Agent
an electron donor: in a redox reaction it is oxidised
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Oxidation Number
the number of electrons involved when an atom forms a bond
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Orbital
a region which can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins
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First Ionisation Energy
the energy change when each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms loses an electron
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Metallic Bonding
the attraction between positive metal ions (cations) and the sea of delocalised electrons
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Ionic Bonding
the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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Covalent Bonding
the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
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Dative Bonding
(coordinate bonding)
a covalent in which both electrons of the shared pair come from the same atom
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Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
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Bond Polarity
when one atom in a covalent bond is more electronegative than the other, the electrons are shared unequally
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

number protons and neutrons in an atom

Back

Mass Number

Card 3

Front

an atom with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the mass of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the average mass of atoms of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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