Two or more pieces of information conflict with each other, resulting in forgetting one or both
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Proactive Interference
PI- Past learning interferes with current attempts to learn something
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Retroactive interference
RI- Current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning
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Muller and Pilzecker
Studied effects of RI nonsense syllables to learn in 6 minutes then retention interval then recall
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Results of Muller and Pilzecker
Participants had poorer performance if they had been given an intervening task- produced RI effects
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Benton Underwood
Studied effects of PI Meta analysis where participants had to learn a series of word lists
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Results of Benton Underwood
If participants memorised 10 or more lists after 24 hrs they recalled 20% if only one list remembered then 70%
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Weakness of Interference theory
Research is lab based, Muller and Pilzecker- not relate to eeryday use of memory, lack motivation, low in ecological validity
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Strength of Interference theory
Research to support- Danaher advertisements messages impaired when exposed to competing brands- diluted by interference- real life application
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Retrieval failure theory
Failure to find an item of information because you have insufficient cues
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Cues
Things that serve as a reminder- meaningful link to material, environmental cues or cues related to mental state
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Godden and Baddeley
Context dependent forgetting- Suba diver one Highest recall was when the initial learning environment matched recall environment
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Goodwin et al
State-dependant forgetting- male volunteers remeber a list of words drunk or sober. Information is recalled better when learnt and recalled in same state
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Strength of Retrieval failure
Real world application- Abernethy, revise in room taking exam or use immagination- increase ecological validity
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Weakness of Retrieval failure
Link rather than cause, James Nairne claims its just a correlation rather than a cause and effect - just suggests an association
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
PI- Past learning interferes with current attempts to learn something
Back
Proactive Interference
Card 3
Front
RI- Current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning
Back
Card 4
Front
Studied effects of RI nonsense syllables to learn in 6 minutes then retention interval then recall
Back
Card 5
Front
Participants had poorer performance if they had been given an intervening task- produced RI effects
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