forensics ; psychological explanations ; differential association theory

?
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY
DFGDG
1 of 56
proposes individuals learn values / attitudes / techniques and motives for criminal behaviour through?
association with different people
2 of 56
- scientific basis
sddg
3 of 56
sutherland set himself the task of developing what?
specific principles that could explain all types of offending
4 of 56
theory designed to discriminate between which two individuals?
those that become criminals and those who don't
5 of 56
no matter?
race / class / ethnicity
6 of 56
- crime as a learned behaviour
dfgdf
7 of 56
offending behaviour may be acquired in same way as other behaviour through?
processes of learning
8 of 56
learning occurs most often through interactions with significant others child associates with like?
family / peer group
9 of 56
criminality arises from which two factors?
learned attitudes towards crime / learning of specific criminal acts
10 of 56
- pro-criminal attitudes
dfgdf
11 of 56
when a person is socialised into a group they will be exposed to wht?
values and attitudes towards law
12 of 56
some values will be pro-crime others?
anti-crime
13 of 56
what does sutherland argue about this balance?
if number pro-criminal attitudes person comes to acquire outweighs the number anti-crime they'll go on to offend
14 of 56
learning process is same regardless of?
criminality or conformity to law
15 of 56
differential association suggests it should be possible to do what?
mathematically preduct how likely it is an individual will commit crime
16 of 56
if w have knowledge of?
frequency / intensity / duration of which exposed to deviant and non-deviant norms and values
17 of 56
- learning criminal acts
dfgd
18 of 56
in addition to pro-criminal attitude offender may also learn what?
techniques for committing crime
19 of 56
as well as offering account of how crime may breed aming social groups his theory can also account for what?
why so many released convicts reoffend
20 of 56
reasonable to assume that whilst inside prison inmates will do what?
learn specific techniques of offending from other, more experienced criminals they will want to put in practice
21 of 56
this learning may occur in which two ways?
observation / imitation OR direct tuition from criminal peers
22 of 56
EVALUATION
DFGDF
23 of 56
:) explanatory power
dfgdf
24 of 56
has an ability to account for crime where?
all sectors of society
25 of 56
sutherland recognised what about some types of crime?
may be clustered like burglary
26 of 56
but also case some crimes more prevalent where?
amongst more affluent groups in society
27 of 56
particularly interested in what kind of crime?
white collar
28 of 56
and how this may be a feature of middle-class social groups who share?
deviant norms and values
29 of 56
:) shift of focus
dgdfg
30 of 56
successful in moving emphasis away from what accounts?
early biological
31 of 56
as well as away from those that explained offending as being product of?
individual weakness / immorality
32 of 56
DAS draws attention to fact what may be more to blame than dysfunctional ppl?
dysfunctional social circumstances
33 of 56
approach more desirable bc offers more realistic solution to problem of crime instead fo?
eugenics
34 of 56
:( difficulty of testing
dfgdf
35 of 56
despite sutherlands promise to provide what?
scientific / mathematical framework within which future offending behaviour could be predicted
36 of 56
hard to see for instance number of pro-criminal attitudes person as been exposed to and?
how could be measured
37 of 56
theory built on assumption offending behaviour will occur when?
when pro-criminal values outweign anti-criminal
38 of 56
but without being bale to measure these it's difficult to know what?
at what point urge to offend is realised and criminal career triggered
39 of 56
theory doesn't provide satisfactory solution to isseus undermingn?
scientific credibility
40 of 56
EVAL EXTRA
DGDFG
41 of 56
:( alternative explanations
g
42 of 56
suggested response of family is crucial in determining?
whether individual likely to engage in offending
43 of 56
if family seen to support criminal activity amking seem legitimate and reasonable this becomes a major influence of?
child's value system
44 of 56
supported by fact offending behaviour seems to?
run in families
45 of 56
farrington et al study one of the key findings was?
intergenerational crime
46 of 56
also case in mednick et al study what about adoptees?
boys w/ crimnal adoptive parents and non-criminal biological parents more likely to offend than thoe with bio/adoptive parents non criminal
47 of 56
what was it for criminal adoptive parents?
14.7%
48 of 56
and non-criminal?
13.5%
49 of 56
this illustrates importance of?
family influence
50 of 56
:( individual differences
sdgd
51 of 56
not everyone exposed to criminal influences goes on to?
commit crime
52 of 56
sutherland took great care to point out what about crime?
should be considered on an individual case-by-case basis
53 of 56
there's danger with DAT of stereotyping who as 'unavoidably criminal'
those from impoverish crime ridden backgrounds
54 of 56
theory suggests what is sufficient to produce offending in those exposed?
exposure to enough pro-criminal values
55 of 56
and ignores what?
that ppl may choose not to offend despite this
56 of 56

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

proposes individuals learn values / attitudes / techniques and motives for criminal behaviour through?

Back

association with different people

Card 3

Front

- scientific basis

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

sutherland set himself the task of developing what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

theory designed to discriminate between which two individuals?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all forensics resources »