Forensic Science and Construction
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- Created by: Hungrycat3
- Created on: 16-11-21 17:42
Where is DNA found in the cell?
Nucleus
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What is the structure of DNA?
A double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs.
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What are the complementary base pairs?
Guanine + Cytosine
Adenine + Thymine
Adenine + Thymine
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
23 pairs
23 pairs
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How are proteins formed?
When amino acids join together
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Where are genes found?
On chromosomes inside the nucleus of each cell
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How do we produce the DNA fingerprints?
Collect the cells
Extract the DNA
Using enzymes cut the DNA into fragment
Separate the fragments using electrophoresis
The bands produced are visible and analyzed.
Extract the DNA
Using enzymes cut the DNA into fragment
Separate the fragments using electrophoresis
The bands produced are visible and analyzed.
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What is genetic variation?
Characteristics which have been inherited from parents. The genes are passed on in the sex cells which the offspring develop from.
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What is environmental variation?
Characteristics which are caused by the differences in places where organisms live and grow.
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What is variation?
Differences that organisms have
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What is discrete data?
Data that has been sort into categories like hair colour and eyecolour.
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What is continuous data?
Data that can be measured on a scale like height or weight.
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What is the formula to find the Rf value?
Rf value = Distance travelled by solvent front / Distance travelled by spot
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What is phenotype?
The physical appearance of and individual regarding a particular characteristic.
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What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic.
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What is an allele?
Alternative form of a gene
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What is homozygous?
When both alleles are the same
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What is heterozygous?
When the alleles are different
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What are the components that blood is made from and what are there jobs?
Red blood cells-carry oxygen
White blood cells -immune system
Plasma- makes blood watery
Platelets-blood clotting
White blood cells -immune system
Plasma- makes blood watery
Platelets-blood clotting
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How has our understanding of DNA changed overtime?
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, studied DNA using X-rays. Franklin produced an X-ray photograph that allowed two other researchers, James Watson and Francis Crick to work out the 3D structure of DNA. The structure of DNA was found to be a double he
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How is having unique DNA fingerprint help solve crime?
We can match suspects with the evidence.
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What are example of variation in humans?
eye colour, skin colour
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What are some of the causes of variation?
DNA Mutations, diet
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Are characteristics inherited?
Yes
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How are characteristics inherited?
Through genes
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What is an example of an element?
Gold, carbon, oxygen
(anything on the periodic table)
(anything on the periodic table)
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What is an example of a compound?
Carbon dioxide, table salt
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What is an example of a mixture?
Sand, water, gravel = cement
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What is an element?
A pure substance consisting of only ONE type of atom.
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What is a compound?
2 or more substances chemically joined together.
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What is a mixture?
2 or more substances not chemically joined together.
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State the different types of separating mixtures.
Chromatography, Distillation, Filtration, Evaporation
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What happens in chromatography?
The inks in the pen separate .
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How are proteins made?
Protein synthesis
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What are the steps of photosynthesis?
1) Template DNA strand is made in the nucleus
2)Template strand moves from the nucleus to cytoplasm
3)Template attaches to a ribosome
4)Carrier molecules attach to the strand.
5)The amino acids join to form a protein
6)Protein fold into their final shape
2)Template strand moves from the nucleus to cytoplasm
3)Template attaches to a ribosome
4)Carrier molecules attach to the strand.
5)The amino acids join to form a protein
6)Protein fold into their final shape
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Each codon is a code for ...
One carrier molecule
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Carrier molecules carry a ...
specific amino acid
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Where are genes found?
On chromosomes inside the nucleus of each cell
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Proteins are made from
Amino acids
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How do we calculate the phenotype ratio?
Homozygous Dominant: Heterozygous : Homozygous Recessive
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What is the limestone cycle?
Limestone - Quicklime - Slaked lime - Limewater
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What is limestone used for ?
Buildings and toothpaste
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What is quicklime used for?
To make cement and concrete
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What is slaked lime used for?
Neutralise acidic soils
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Limestone is made from...
Calcium carbonate
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Reinforcement makes concrete bars...
Stronger
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What is an atom?
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
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What are different types of atoms called?
Element
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The vertical columns in the periodic table is called...
Groups
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The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called ...
periods
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What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
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what charge do protons and electrons have?
Protons have a positive charge while electrons have negative charge
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What is an atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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What is the atomic mass?
The mass of matter contained in the atom of an element
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What is an ion?
An atom or molecule with a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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What are the properties of metal ?
Shiny, magnetic , malleable , good conductor of heat and electricity, ductile
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What is metallic bonding?
A force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance. The atoms that the electrons leave behind become positive ions.
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What is a covalent bond?
when atoms share electrons from their outer shell
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What is a polymer?
Large molecules made up of repeating units of monomers
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What are monomers?
Small units of moleculess.
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What is a conductor?
Materials that let electricity pass through them easily.
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What is an insulator?
Materials that do not let electricity to pass through them.
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How to find the moment?
moment = force x distance from pivot
(nm) = (n) x(m)
(nm) = (n) x(m)
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What is rust?
The chemical reaction when iron is exposed to oxygen.
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What is the word equation for rust?
Iron + Oxygen = Iron Oxide
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Why is rusting a problem for construction?
It can lead to structural issues.
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what is ionic bonding ?
Atoms swap electrons from their outer shell.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the structure of DNA?
Back
A double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs.
Card 3
Front
What are the complementary base pairs?
Back
Card 4
Front
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Back
Card 5
Front
How are proteins formed?
Back
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