dynamic support- shaping cell & resisting force; framework- position of organelles; tracks for movement; force generation- move cell by pseudopodia & in cilia/flagella or separate chromosome in cell division & cytokinesis
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What organelles is part of the endo-membrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi complex; Lysosomes
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Function of Nuclear Envelope
Controls movement of substances into and out of the nucleus; Much traffic of proteins and RNA molecules through the pores
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Function of the endomembrane system
Dynamic, integrated network of membrane bound structures; Exchange materials with each other through Vesicles (membrane bound transport compartments)
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How does the Secretory pathway work
Vesicle transport carries macromolecules between organelles; Molecules are selected for incorporation into a vesicle; Signals on the outside of the vesicle ensure the vesicle is transported to the correct compartment
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Why do the ribosome on the RER produce proteins
the endomembrane organelles; integral membrane proteins (of the plasma membrane); secretory products
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Soluble protein for ER lumen
transferred into ER as synthesised and then cleaved from ER signal sequence
Oxidation by Cytochrome P450 enzymes; Conjugation to soluble molecules
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How does the SER detoxify
Render drugs more soluble in water; Removed from ER and cell by ABC transporters; Then removed from body via bile &/or urine
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What does Cytochrome P450 enzymes do
Active against drugs – phenolbarbitol, caffeine, nicotine, acetominophen (paracetamol) ;And hormones – cortisol, estradiol
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Functions of Glucuronidation
Used biotransformation (drugs, pollutants, lipophillic metabolites); Used to increase solubility of some hormones for transport in blood
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Golgi body function
carbohydrate metabolism/modification (hemicelluloses and pectin found in cell walls/ chondroitin sulphate, found in cartilage); sorts & finishes proteins; Modify carbohydrate into glycoproteins & glycolipids; Storage of proteins/carbohydrate
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Which direction does trans fatty acid face in the endoplasmic membrane
away from the ER
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Which direction does cis fatty acid face in the endoplasmic membrane
towards the ER
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Which face does the vesicle enter into the golgi body
cis
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what are the 2 models that substances can pass though into the golgi body using the trans face
Vesicular transport model; Cisternal maturation model
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The events that occur in vesicle packaging to addressing
At the trans face of the Golgi complex; Proteins sorted on basis of destination; Packaged into vesicles for forward transport; Vesicles are coated in specific proteins that control the contents of the vesicle & its destination
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types of cellular secretion
holocrine; apocrine; merocrine; eccrine
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What can be found in a lysosome
40 – 50+ enzymes ; acid hydrolase
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Lysosome internal pH
4.6, lower than that of the cell - protection against enzyme leakage!
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Function of peroxisone
educing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases; Many oxidative reactions, including breakdown of uric acid, amino acids and fatty acids; Plants produce Acetyl CoA from fatty acids, which is then used in to synthesise glucose.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is part of the cytoplasm
Back
cytoskeleton & cytosol
Card 3
Front
What are the 3 Types of protein filaments that form a network in cytoskeleton
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the function of the cytoskeleton
Back
Card 5
Front
What organelles is part of the endo-membrane system
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