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UPLAND

an area of high or hilly land, cold and wet, it has metamorphic and igneous rocks e.g. snowdonia

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LOWLAND

sedimentary rocks, warmer and drier at sea level (below 200m) e.g. East Anglia

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GLACIATED

igneous and metamorphic rocks, cooler and wetter than upland e.g. snowdonia

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METAMORPHIC ROCKS

created because of the actions of the heat and pressure on a sedimentary or igneous rock e.g. Slate

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SEDIMENTARY

dead plants and animals e.g. Limes

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IGNEOUS

produced when magma cools e.g. Granite

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explain how the uk climate can influence its landscapes

the uk has a maritime climate which means its climate is heavely influenced by the seas that surround it.

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MECHANICAL WEATHERING

breaking down of larger rock into smaller rocks. no chemical change to rock. e.g. freeze thaw action

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CHEMICAL WEATHERING

a chemical reaction occurs in the rock causing it to dissolve and forming new substances. e.g. Limestone dissolved by rainwater, forming calcium carbonate in caves

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BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING

disintegration of rocks due to the actions of plants/aminals

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E.G. OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING

water seeps into the cracks and fractures in rock, then when the water freezes, it expands about 9% in volume, which wedges apart the rock and lastly with repeated freeze/thaw cycles, rock breaks into pieces

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF FARMING

arable farming, pastoral farming, sheep farming

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how does the climate and relief influence the type of farming found in the uk?

climate: the adverage weather conditions influences the type of plants grown, relief: height of land, flat land-arable (crops), steep land (hill)- good for sheeps

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how does human activity affect landscapes?

because of the agriculture or because of the farming

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WHAT IS WEATHERING?

the breakdown of material in the place they were found (without being transported) by mechanical (physical), chemical and biological processes

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MASS MOVEMENT

mass movement is when material moves downhill, due to the pull of gravity. gravity is an important force.

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TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT

sliding and slumping sliding: where a section of land falls down a slope and dislodges other material on its way down. slumping: where material at the bottom of a slope moves outward

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EROSION

erosion is the weraing away of materials by a moving force

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TYPES OF EROSION

abrasion (also called corrasion)- when sediment is thrown against a surface by water and rubs the material to smooth the landform hydraulic action- where water forces its way into cracks, which creates weaknesses in rocks, splitting them apart

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TYPES OF EROSION PART 2

attrition- where pebbles hit each other or landforms, makinng rocks break and get smaller and rounder solution (also called corrosion)- where rocks are dissolved in water

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TRANSPORTATION

TRACTION-large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bend SALTATION-small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bend SUSPENSION-fine,light material is carried along by river SOLUTION-minerals are dissolved in water,chemical change

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MAIN FEATURES OF A RIVER

SOURCE- the start of the river RIVER BASIN- an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries TRIBUTARY- a stream or small river flowing into a main river CONFLUENCE-where two or more rivers join CHANNEL- where the river flows

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MAIN FEATURES OF A RIVER PART 2

MOUTH- the end of the river WATERSHED- an imaginary line which shows an area of highland forming the edge of the basin

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THE 3 SECTIONS OF A RIVER AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

UPPER- cuts downwards the gradient, is steep and the river channel is narrow. vertical erosion in the high parts that helps create steep sided v-shaped valleys, rapids, waterfalls and gorges

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RIVER SECTIONS + CHARACTERISTICS part 2

MIDDLE- meanders, in the middle has more energy and a high volume of water, the gradient is gentle and lateral (sideways) erosion has widened the river channel

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RIVER SECTIONS + CHARACTERISTICS part 3

LOWER- the gradient is really steep but the velocity is slow moving because of the vast amound of friction. start of as steams meaning very narrow and very shallow

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