a higher standard of living, increase economic and military strength, establish USSR as a world power & promote communism
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What is a command economy?
where production levels and prices are set by the government
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What was the role of Gosplan?
to set overall output targets for industries
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What were the main features and priorities of the first FYP?
emphasis was put on heavy industries which accounted for 80% of the investment, the factories built during this plan were used by the next
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What were the successes of the first FYP?
Production of electricity trebled, coal steel and iron output doubled, the engineering industry developed
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What were the failures of the first FYP?
little growth in consumer industries, chemical targets were not fulfilled, a lack of skilled workers created problems
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Why did priorities change for the second FYP?
heavy industry targets were mostly met, effects of the Great Depression
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What were the features and priorities of the second FYP?
heavy industries, communications and transport, enterprises opened big projects, improving consumer goods and conditions
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What were the successes of the second FYP?
USSR became virtually self-sufficient, transport and communication grew and metallurgy developed
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What were the failures of the second FYP?
consumer goods industries were still lagging, oil production did not make the expected advances
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Why did the third FYP only last 3 years?
WWII - Hitler invaded USSR
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Where were new industrial centres built?
west of the Ural Mountains so they acted as a natural defence
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What was the Stakhavonite Movement?
a propaganda campaign that rewarded workers who exceeded their quotas
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What were the pros of the FYPs for workers?
greater strides in education, intellectual proletariats fared well when wage differentials were introduced, training courses were available, 10 million entered the workforce, women made up 44% of the workforce
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What were the cons of FYPs for workers?
punishments for failures to perform, women were paid less, living conditions did not match expectations, quicksand society, forced labour, lack of consumer goods and rationed food
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How were the FYPs carried out?
using devout communists, shock troops, propaganda and success stories such as Magnitogorsk and the Moscow Metro, the Stakhavonite Movement
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In 1933 the target for output of pig iron was set at 8 million tonnes, what was the actual production?
6.2 million tonnes
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In 1933 the target for output of steel was set at 8.3 million tonnes, what was the actual production?
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