topic 2

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Fick's law
rate of diffusion is directly proportional to surface area x difference in concentration divided by diffusion distance
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What adaptations increase surface area
millions of alveoli ,network of capillaries and squamous cells
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What adaptations are for concentration gradient
constant ventilation,good blood supply
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what adaptations are for membrane thickness
very thin squamous cells, alveoli and capillaries have walls of one cell thick
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What is the fluid mosaic model
phospholipids move freely together, if it breaks the phospholipids fill the area(fluid) it has lots of different sized molecules performing different tasks including glycoproteins,glycolipids,cholesterol,transmembrane proteins and phospholipids
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Diffusion
uncharged small soluble molecules through the lipid bilayer from high to low concentration down the concentration gradient, it is a passive process therefor does not require ATP
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Osmosis
net movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration through the partially permeable membrane, down the concentration gradient, it is passive with no ATP
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Active transport
movement of molecules from a low to high concentration through channel proteins and carrier proteins, against the concentration gradient, requires ATP which is hydrolysed
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Facilitated diffusion
requires a channel protein in the cell membrane to transport polar, charged and water-soluble molecules across the membrane. No ATP
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Endocytosis
transport large particles. particles are enclosed in vesicles made from cell surface membrane and transported into the cell.
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exocytosis
transport large particles.vesicles containing large particles are fused with the cell surface membrane and transported out of the cells
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glycoprotein
stabilize the membrane structure and can be antigens which recognize eachother
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micelle
structures that phospholipids form
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cholesterol
keeps cell shape rigid
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phospholipids
phosphate head which is hydrophilic, fatty acid tails whivh are hydrophobic,join in condensation reaction,ester bond, glycerol backbone, form a bilayer with tails inwards
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Danielli and davson
lipid layer with polar lipid molecules,layer of protein covers membrane, lipids not free to move have globular proteins
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Robertson
monolayer of polypeptide chains rather than whole protein molecules, lipids free to move
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What effects fluidity
more fluid-shorter tails,less cholesterol,saturated
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Purines
adenine, guanine
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Pyrimidine
cytosine, thymine(uracil in RNA)
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boding in DNA
phosphodiester bonds between phosphate group and C5
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DNA structure
double stranded, alpha double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone on each strand
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

millions of alveoli ,network of capillaries and squamous cells

Back

What adaptations increase surface area

Card 3

Front

constant ventilation,good blood supply

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

very thin squamous cells, alveoli and capillaries have walls of one cell thick

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

phospholipids move freely together, if it breaks the phospholipids fill the area(fluid) it has lots of different sized molecules performing different tasks including glycoproteins,glycolipids,cholesterol,transmembrane proteins and phospholipids

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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