Feminism
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- Created by: TabithaNash16
- Created on: 30-10-20 18:34
What did the first wave of feminism consist of?
Emerged in the mid 1800's
focused on social and legal form
fought for women to vote
fought to allow women to be better educated
led mainly by middle class women = suffragettes
successful in the vote, education, access to professional jobs and women's rig
focused on social and legal form
fought for women to vote
fought to allow women to be better educated
led mainly by middle class women = suffragettes
successful in the vote, education, access to professional jobs and women's rig
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What did the second wave of feminism consist of?
Emerged in the 1960's and 1970's
linked to several other key movements
argued that personal and public life is inherently patriarchal
focused on women raising awareness of their oppression, equal pay, equal rights in education and jobs, free childcare, fr
linked to several other key movements
argued that personal and public life is inherently patriarchal
focused on women raising awareness of their oppression, equal pay, equal rights in education and jobs, free childcare, fr
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What did the third wave of feminism consist of?
emerged mid 1990's
focused on individual desires and wishes, being able to express your identity in unique and personal ways, challenging traditional ideas about sexuality and gender
abolishing gender roles and stereotypes in the media
focused on individual desires and wishes, being able to express your identity in unique and personal ways, challenging traditional ideas about sexuality and gender
abolishing gender roles and stereotypes in the media
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What did the fourth wave of feminism consist of?
emerged 2010 onwards
tackling sexism globally
creating online networks for support
Everyday Sexism Project was highly successful
Mumsnet
tackling sexism globally
creating online networks for support
Everyday Sexism Project was highly successful
Mumsnet
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Liberal Feminism
What did Mary Wollstonecraft 1792 say?
What did Mary Wollstonecraft 1792 say?
argued that women should be regarded as rational humans like men, they should gain access to education and public life
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Liberal Feminism
What did JS Mill say?
What did JS Mill say?
gender is simply an accident of birth, so there should be no distinction or division in society based on gender
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Liberal Feminism
What did Betty Friedan 1963 say?
What did Betty Friedan 1963 say?
that a myth existed that women seek fulfilment and security through the domestic sphere, in fact this causes despair and unhappiness, women needed to be able to pursue many different types of career instead of working in the domestic sphere
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What are liberal feminist concerned with?
- human and civil rights and freedoms of the individual
- believe all humans should be equal
- social change should be gradual and slow
- demand equal rights for women = gender equality
- legal equality, political equality, equality of opportunity
- se
- believe all humans should be equal
- social change should be gradual and slow
- demand equal rights for women = gender equality
- legal equality, political equality, equality of opportunity
- se
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What type of feminism is liberal feminists?
What type of theory are they putting forward?
What type of theory are they putting forward?
reformist
optimistic theory
optimistic theory
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Liberal Feminism
What did Ann Oakley 1981 say?
What did Ann Oakley 1981 say?
Makes a key distinction between sex and gender:
- sex refers to the biological differences between men and women which is largely fixed
- gender refers to culturally constructed differences between the masculine and feminism transmitted across the gene
- sex refers to the biological differences between men and women which is largely fixed
- gender refers to culturally constructed differences between the masculine and feminism transmitted across the gene
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How do liberal feminists want to improve the womens position?
- gendered socialisation and education are key areas to change
- focus on men contributing to more domestic labour and encourage more male role models within education believe this will also lead to cultural change and gender equality
- believe that cha
- focus on men contributing to more domestic labour and encourage more male role models within education believe this will also lead to cultural change and gender equality
- believe that cha
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What do radical feminists believe?
- believe that patriarchy is universal
- patriarchy is cause of gender oppression
- patriarchy needs to be overthrown
- patriarchy cause of inequality and conflict
- all men benefit from patriarchy
- offer a sociological view for domestic violence
- do
- patriarchy is cause of gender oppression
- patriarchy needs to be overthrown
- patriarchy cause of inequality and conflict
- all men benefit from patriarchy
- offer a sociological view for domestic violence
- do
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Radical Feminism
What did Naomi Wolf 1990 argue?
What did Naomi Wolf 1990 argue?
argued that beauty and the concept of the 'ideal women' emerged due to the increasing challenge of women to men in education and the workplace, promoting an idealised version of beauty women can be controlled, images of beauty are unattainable, women left
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Radical Feminism
What 6 structures of patriarchy did Walby 1990 set out?
What 6 structures of patriarchy did Walby 1990 set out?
- STATE ( denied access to formal power and representation)
- HOUSEHOLD ( discouraged from pursuing anything other than domestic role)
- VIOLENCE (more likely to be victims of domestic abuse)
- PAID WORK (more likely to take subordinate job roles)
- SEXU
- HOUSEHOLD ( discouraged from pursuing anything other than domestic role)
- VIOLENCE (more likely to be victims of domestic abuse)
- PAID WORK (more likely to take subordinate job roles)
- SEXU
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Radical Feminism
What did Firestone 1970 argue?
What did Firestone 1970 argue?
argues that roots of women's oppression lie in the biological ability of women to have children, makes women more dependent on men
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Radical Feminism
What did Brownmiller 1976 say?
What did Brownmiller 1976 say?
fear of **** is a powerful control over womens behaviour
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Radical Feminism
What did Millet 1970 say?
What did Millet 1970 say?
argues that society is founded on patriarchy, key division in society lies between men and women, men are the enemy and key exploiters of women
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Radical Feminism
What did Germaine Greer say?
What did Germaine Greer say?
argues for the creation of all-female or 'matrilocal' households as an alternative to the heterosexual family
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How do radical feminists want to improve society?
- argue for change to occur to benefit women, relationships and therefore sexual politics must be transformed
- men and women living apart (separatism)
- consciousness raising where women share experiences in groups so they are not alone, leads to collec
- men and women living apart (separatism)
- consciousness raising where women share experiences in groups so they are not alone, leads to collec
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What do Marxist Feminists believe?
- reject liberal and radical feminists explanations
- see womens subordination as a result of capitalism
- men benefit from women's subordination
- their subordination results from being an unpaid domestic house wife as it places them in an economicall
- see womens subordination as a result of capitalism
- men benefit from women's subordination
- their subordination results from being an unpaid domestic house wife as it places them in an economicall
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Marxist Feminist
What does womens subordination form for capitalism?
What does womens subordination form for capitalism?
- women are the source of cheap labour, can be paid less
- women are a reserve army of labour, can be called upon to work
- reproduce the labour force for the next generation through their unpaid domestic labour, nurturing etc
- women absorb anger "takers
- women are a reserve army of labour, can be called upon to work
- reproduce the labour force for the next generation through their unpaid domestic labour, nurturing etc
- women absorb anger "takers
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Marxist Feminist
What did Barrett 1980 say about the ideology of familism?
What did Barrett 1980 say about the ideology of familism?
- argues women's roles also support the capitalism ideology to maintain positive feelings and motivation for the capitalism system to continue
- the nucleur family is perceived as ideal and is a place where women can achieve fulfilment
- the revolution
- the nucleur family is perceived as ideal and is a place where women can achieve fulfilment
- the revolution
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How do Marxist Feminists want to improve society?
argue that women's interests lie in the overthrow of capitalism
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What is difference feminism?
- argue that we cannot see women sharing the same experiences of patriarchy
- argue that other types of feminism focus on a very white Westernised notion of gender
- disagree with essentialism for example women in developing countries faced by famine and
- argue that other types of feminism focus on a very white Westernised notion of gender
- disagree with essentialism for example women in developing countries faced by famine and
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did the second wave of feminism consist of?
Back
Emerged in the 1960's and 1970's
linked to several other key movements
argued that personal and public life is inherently patriarchal
focused on women raising awareness of their oppression, equal pay, equal rights in education and jobs, free childcare, fr
linked to several other key movements
argued that personal and public life is inherently patriarchal
focused on women raising awareness of their oppression, equal pay, equal rights in education and jobs, free childcare, fr
Card 3
Front
What did the third wave of feminism consist of?
Back
Card 4
Front
What did the fourth wave of feminism consist of?
Back
Card 5
Front
Liberal Feminism
What did Mary Wollstonecraft 1792 say?
What did Mary Wollstonecraft 1792 say?
Back
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