feeding and nutrition revision

?
define balanced diet
A diet consisting of a variety of different types of food; a diet that provides adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health
1 of 53
define nutrient
A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth
2 of 53
what are the 6 major nutrients needed for a balanced diet?
1. Carbohydrates and fibre 2.. Fats and oils 3. Protein 4. Water 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals
3 of 53
What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Carbohydrates?
F - Source of slow release energy Helps with the digestion of fats. DS-Whole grains Pasta Potatoes D - Lethargy Weight loss Nausea Headaches
4 of 53
What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Fats and Oils?
F - Source of fast release energy Insulates body Protects organs DS- Butter Cream Nuts. D -Achy joints Brittle nails Consipation
5 of 53
What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Protein?
F - growth and repair, energy DS - Eggs, cheese, milk D- Slow healing wounds, lethargy and increased illness
6 of 53
What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Water
F - hydration and health of kidney function. DS - fruit and veg D - Dehydration, kidney disease and flaky skin
7 of 53
What vitamin helps eye sight and keeps teeth and skelton healthy - cheese.
A
8 of 53
What vitamin helps the healing of wounds and growth and repair of tissue - found in kiwi.
C
9 of 53
What vitamin helps the production of healthy red blood cells - found in meat and dairy.
B
10 of 53
what vitamin is needed for the release of the parathyroid hormone and essential for absorption of calcium and found in cod liver oil
D
11 of 53
what vitamin protects body cell from damage and keeps a healthy circulation - found in sunflower seeds
E
12 of 53
What vitamin prevents heart disease and aids blood clotting - found in kale
K
13 of 53
what mineral keeps bones and teeth strong and prevents blood clotting found in beans and seeds
Calcium
14 of 53
What mineral is used to make red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body and is found in dark leafy veg
Iron
15 of 53
what mineral is used for growth of eggs during reproduction and maintains testosterone levels - found lentils and whole grains
Zinc
16 of 53
what mineral maintains water balance and regualtes heart - found in bannanas and milk
Potassium
17 of 53
what mineral maintains normal nerve and muscle function found in green leafy veg and nuts
magnesium
18 of 53
what mineral maintains blood pressure and is found in cheese adn pasta
sodium
19 of 53
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that provide energy to the body and brain and to regulate blood glucose levels
20 of 53
what are simple carbohydrates known as?
Monosaccharides and disacchardies
21 of 53
what are complex carbohydrates known as?
polysaccharides
22 of 53
what are the three elements carbohydrates are made from?
Carbon Hydrogen and Oxygen
23 of 53
what are 4 examples of monosaccharides and their formulas?
Ribose - C5 H10 O5. Fructose, Glucose and Galactose is C6 H12 O6
24 of 53
What is disaccharide and what is example?
when two monosaccharides are joined together and  An example of a disaccharide is sucrose; sucrose is a combination of glucose and fructose
25 of 53
What are polysaccharides and what are 4 examples?
A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate containing more than three monosaccharide units. o Amylose (starch) o Amylopectin o Glycogen o Cellulose
26 of 53
Fats are classed as _______ and are made up of ________ and _______ _____
Lipids Glycerol and fatty acids
27 of 53
what is the difference between the saturated fats and unsaturated fats bond
unsat has a double bond (look in revision guide to see how to draw them)
28 of 53
State 2 differences of unsaturated and saturated fats
Saturated - solid at room temp and come only from animal products. Unsat - liquid at room temp and come from plant and animal products
29 of 53
examples of unsat and sat fats
Saturated - bacon grease, butter, cheese. Unsat - sunflower oil walnuts and pecans
30 of 53
The most commonly occurring lipids are: (also look at book to see how they are draw)
o Triglycerides (fats and oils). Made up of fatty acids and glycerol and found in meats, dairy produce and cooking oils o Phospholipids (animal and plant membranes). Major component of all cell membranes.
31 of 53
what is the defintion of digestion?
Breaking down (metabolism of) large nutrient molecules into smaller nutrient molecules so that they can be used by the animal
32 of 53
What are the 7 main structures involved in the monogastric digestive system?
1.Mouth (teeth, tongue) 2.Oesophagus 3. Stomach 4. Pancreas 5. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) 6. Large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum) 7. Liver
33 of 53
what is the functions of teeth?
Mastication organs that cut tear and grind food to increase its surface area in the mouth to enable digestive enzymes to easily access the food.
34 of 53
what is the function of the tongue?
Manipulates food for chewing and swallowing
35 of 53
what is the function of the oesophagus?
Carries food, liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the stomach
36 of 53
what is the function of the pancreas
Contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes to digest proteins; amylase for the digestion of carbohydrates; and lipase to break down fats.
37 of 53
what is the function of the salivary glands?
Produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist.
38 of 53
what is the function of the stomach?
Partial digestion of the food takes place here. This organ contains muscles that physically break down the food.
39 of 53
what is the function of the liver?
Produces bile which helps digest fats
40 of 53
what is the function of the small intestine?
90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs here. The main function of this organ is absorption of nutrients and minerals from food
41 of 53
what is the function of the large intestine?
Absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces
42 of 53
look at table on role of enzymes in digestion
look at table on role of enzymes in digestion
43 of 53
what are two differences in ruminant and monogastric?
ruminants have a 4 chambered stomach, monogastrics have 1. ruminants do not have upper incisors they a hard dental pad instead
44 of 53
what are the 8 main structures involved with ruminant digestive system. in order
1.Mouth 2. Oesophagus 3. Rumen 4. Reticulum (regurgitates the food a re-chews it to aid digestion) 5. Omasum 6. Abomasum 7. Small intestine 8. Large intestine
45 of 53
look at revison card i made
look at revison card i made
46 of 53
what are the 7 different forms animal feed comes in?
o Fresh (fruit and vegetables and raw diets) o Frozen i.e. frozen mice and rats for snakes o Dry i.e. dog biscuits, rodent feed o Flakes i.e. for fish o Hay and straw o Meat o Semi moist i.e. dog treats
47 of 53
what is Basal energy requirment and how do you calculate it?
Basal energy requirement (BER) is the energy required to maintain normal body functions and if animal weighs less than 5kg - 60 x animal weight if over 5kg - (30 x weight) + 70
48 of 53
what is Maintenance energy requirments and how is it calculated?
Maintenance energy requirement (MER) is RER plus the energy required to move, digest food etc. Dog = BER x 2 and Cat = BER x 1.4
49 of 53
What is Gross energy (GE)? and how do you calculate it?
Describes the total energy contained within a feed. • Gross energy=Quantity per serve x energy content:
50 of 53
what is digestible energy (DE)?
Digestible energy is the gross energy of a feed, minus the energy content of the faeces attributable to it.
51 of 53
what is Metabolisable energy (ME)?
The metabolisable energy of a food is the digestible energy less the energy lost in heat and urine.
52 of 53
have a look at page 38 and 39 to revises Metabolisable energy
have a look at page 38 and 39 to revises Metabolisable energy
53 of 53

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

define nutrient

Back

A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth

Card 3

Front

what are the 6 major nutrients needed for a balanced diet?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Carbohydrates?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function, dietary source and signs of deficiency of Fats and Oils?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Fun resources:

See all Fun resources »See all Fun resources »