Family and Households Sociologists

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Murdock (1949)
Fam is universal + inevitable. Looked at 250 societies + found 4 functions of fam - 1. Sexual - control children + stable relationships for adults. 2. Reproductive - provides new members of society. 3. Economic - fam = pool of resources for members.
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Cont.
4. Educational - teaches children norms + values of society.
2 of 50
Parsons
2 basic functions - 1. Primary socialisation (fam = factories where next citizens are produced). 2. Emotional relationships = stability + security + sanctuary from stresses of everyday life.
3 of 50
Morgan (1975)
Functionalism makes no ref to alternative households.
4 of 50
Engels (1884)
Fam has an economic function - reproduces bourgeoisie through inheritance.
5 of 50
Zaretsky (1976)
Fam = where proletariat can have power + control. Relieves frustration + accecpt their position.
6 of 50
Benston (1969)
If housework were paid at min wage it would damage Capitalist profits.
7 of 50
Ansley (1972)
Men take their frustrations + stress out on women instead of challenging Capitalist system (women = takers of ****).
8 of 50
Delphy + Leonard (1992)
Fam - women do most of the work but men benefit.
9 of 50
Murray (1989)
Welfare benefits = too high - "culture of dependency".
10 of 50
Stacey (1990)
There'll never be 1 type of fam structure in Western society = diverse, fluid + unresolved.
11 of 50
O'Brien + Jones (1996)
Less variety in fam types than reported, most people actually experience 1/2 fam types in their lifetime.
12 of 50
Parsons
Nuclear fam best fit for industrial society... state less interventionalist, socialisation + nuclear fam = isolated - geographically mobile for work.
13 of 50
Laslett (1972)
Nuclear fam most common even before industrialisation - indus not birth of nuclear fam. Extended fam WAS significant in indus society.
14 of 50
Anderson (1851 census)
People moved to cities + lived with extended fam.
15 of 50
Wilmott + Young (1960 + 73)
Fam develops through 3 stages; pre-industrial (econ production unit), industrial + nuclear (consumption unit, "symmetrical fam".
16 of 50
Wilmott (1988)
Extended fam ties still important but only used in times of crisis.
17 of 50
Donovan et al. (1999)
Gay/lesbian households increased since 1980's due to changes in attitudes + legislation.
18 of 50
Rapoport + Rapoport (1982)
5 types of fam diversity - 1. Structural 2. Cultural 3. Class 4. Life-course/stages 5. Cohort/historical
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Eversley + Bonnerjea (1982)
M/C areas higher proportion of nuclear fam + W/C areas higher proportion of SPF's.
20 of 50
Modood et al. (1997)
Whites + A/C most likely to divorce. A/C SPF's. South Asian = extended fams.
21 of 50
Macionis + Plummer (1997)
New fertility treatments allow fam structures that were previously impossible.
22 of 50
Eversley + Bonnerjea (1982)
Fam structures vary with areas e.g. Southern England = high number of nuclear fam.
23 of 50
Murray (1989)
SPF's cause crime because of lack of male role model at home.
24 of 50
Chester (1985)
Some growth in fam diversity but nuclear fam still dominant. People living longer causes decrease in nuclear fam. Nuclear fam = more symmetrical, less traditional.
25 of 50
Beck (1992)
"Negotiated fam" - more equal, less stable, vary according to individual needs.
26 of 50
Weeks + Donnovan et al. (1999)
Fam commitment no longer lasts forever but now viewed as a matter of ongoing negotiation.
27 of 50
Bott (1957)
Segregated + joint roles.
28 of 50
Wilmott + Young (1973)
Joint conjugal roles will be future norm of British society.
29 of 50
Oakley (1974)
Men doing a few things round the house does not count as joint roles. Women take on the "dual burden" - paid work + housework/childcare. Housewife = socially constructed by social change.
30 of 50
Edgell (1980)
None of the sample fams had completely joint roles but found increased sharing in childcare. Men still in charge of decision making.
31 of 50
Boulton (1983)
Women are still primarily responsible for children.
32 of 50
Ferri + Smith (1996)
Working mothers still do most housework.
33 of 50
Pahl
Most common form of financial management = "husband pooling" - husband has a dominant role in how money is spent.
34 of 50
Bell (1990)
Women responsible for "economy of emotion".
35 of 50
Duncombe + Marsden (1995)
"Triple shift" - emotions, housework + paid employment.
36 of 50
Dunne (1999)
More equal distribution of childcare + housework in lesbian couples. Heterosexual relationships less equal because they are based on traditional ideas of feminity + masculinity.
37 of 50
Stanko (2000)
Women killed by partner every 3 days in UK. 570,000 DV cases reported each year.
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Dobash + Dobash (1979)
Police usually didn't record DV. Now specialist units. Most women who leave go back because they are financially dependent on men + fear stigmatisation.
39 of 50
Phillips (2003)
Some women abuse men, male victims ignored by society + police.
40 of 50
Pilcher (1995)
Separateness of childhood from other life phases.
41 of 50
Aries (1962) looked at paintings
Medieval = mini adults, economic assets, industrialisation = specialised care + nurturing, economic liabilities, housewife emerges.
42 of 50
Cawson et al. (2000)
16% children sexual abuse, 25% physical violence.
43 of 50
Shorter
"March of progress" - educational, lower IMR = position improved.
44 of 50
Hillman (1993)
Parents give boys more freedom than girls.
45 of 50
Brannen (1994)
Asian families stricter with girls.
46 of 50
Gittins (1985)
"Age patriarchy" - adults maintain authority over children by enforced dependency.
47 of 50
Hockey + James (1993)
Childhood was a stage that most children wish to escape from.
48 of 50
Postman (1994)
Childhood disappearing, children growing up too quickly. Our definitions of childhood + adulthood need to be changed.
49 of 50
Lee (2005)
Parents have financial control over children. Childhood = paradox of dependence + independence.
50 of 50

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

4. Educational - teaches children norms + values of society.

Back

Cont.

Card 3

Front

2 basic functions - 1. Primary socialisation (fam = factories where next citizens are produced). 2. Emotional relationships = stability + security + sanctuary from stresses of everyday life.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Functionalism makes no ref to alternative households.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Fam has an economic function - reproduces bourgeoisie through inheritance.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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