Factors involved in the acquisition of expertise with examples from cognitive and physical skill 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyMemoryUniversityNone Created by: JessToLetYouKnowCreated on: 04-06-16 08:50 What year did Norman propose his characteristics of expertise? 1982 1 of 26 What are they? Smoothness (ease of skill), automaticity, little mental effort, low degredation under stress and view it as easy 2 of 26 What is the acronym for Norman's characterisation of skill acquistion? ASAT 3 of 26 What does the A stand for? Accretion - encoding new information into existing memory schemata 4 of 26 What does the S stand for? Structuring - new conceptual structures created 5 of 26 What does the A stand for? learning by Analogy - adapting existing schemata 6 of 26 What does the T stand for? Tuning - fine adjustment with practice 7 of 26 Who conducted a study about baseball? Spilich, Voss and Chiese 8 of 26 What did they find? That hi knowledge baseball players understood and recalled a passage better, and forgot less, than a lo knowledge group 9 of 26 Who conducted a study about chess? Chase and Simon (1972) 10 of 26 What did they find? That chess experts were bettering at remembering realistic chess layouts than non-experts, but no better at random layouts 11 of 26 Experts work .... whereas novices work .... from problem Forwards, backwards 12 of 26 Who conducted a study about a Russian Crop problem? Voss et al (1984) 13 of 26 What did they find? Experts took longer to answer than novices but provided a more long-term solution 14 of 26 Who theorised different types of practice? Bloom (1981) 15 of 26 What are they? Play, Deliberate and for work 16 of 26 Who proposed the different types of mapping? Shiffrin and Schneider 17 of 26 What are they? Consistent mapping = always responding to stimulus the same way, varied = different responses 18 of 26 What is the 10 year rule? 10,000 hours of practice 19 of 26 How many hours different is this from the next highest level? 2,500 20 of 26 What did Ericsson (1994) propose? That expertise increases directly with practice and there is an advantage of starting youn 21 of 26 What did Ericsson (1993) propose? 4 hours of practice a day, in the morning, is optimal 22 of 26 Who proposed a conclusion? Glaser and Chi (1986) 23 of 26 What did they suggest? That expertise was due to knowledge and not a basic capacity 24 of 26 What is the "formula" for expertise? Merit + IQ + effort = expertise 25 of 26 What are the unresolved issues? What kind of deliberate training is needed and can the length of training be shortened? 26 of 26
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