factors effecting eye witness testimony: misleading information

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  • Created by: hope2003
  • Created on: 02-03-20 19:06
define misleading information
incorrect information given to eyewitness usually after the event e.g. leading questions and post even discussion
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define leading questions
a question which suggests a certain answer due to its phrasing
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leading questions - procedure and findings
Loftus and palmer (1974) - watch film clip of car accident and asked questions. each had different verb in critical question to ask how fast car travelled e.g. "hit" "smash". contacted = mean estimate 31.8mph smashed = mean estimate 40.5mph
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why do leading questions effect eye witness testimony
response bias explanation: wording doesn't effect memory but influences how we answer. substitution explanation: wording changes memory of the clip
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define post even discussion
co witnesses discuss event with each other, the accuracy of the recall may be influenced. combine information of witnesses with their own
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post even discussion - procedure
Gabbert (2003) - studies participants in pairs. each watched video of the same crime from different perspectives then joined to discuss before recalling individually.
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post even discussion - findings
71% info recalled was not seen in their own video. corresponding figure in a control group (no discussion) was 0%. participants go along for social approval or they believe other witness is right (memory conformity)
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main evaluation points of misleading information
real life application, artificial tasks, demand characteristics, consequence of EWT, individual differences
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evaluation of misleading information - real life application
positive difference to lives and legal system. change police interviews
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evaluation of misleading information - artificial tasks
film clips lacked stress of real accident and emotion influences memory, may not be externally valid. too pessimistic towards EWT
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evaluation of misleading information - demand characteristics
Zaragoza and mccloskey (1989) - lab studies decrease validity due to demand characteristics - appear attentive
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evaluation of misleading information - consequence of EWT
Foster et al (1994) - what you recall as eyewitness has consequences in real world but not same in research studies.
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evaluation of misleading information - individual difference
older people are less accurate than younger people. own age bias - more accurate identifying your own age.
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Card 2

Front

a question which suggests a certain answer due to its phrasing

Back

define leading questions

Card 3

Front

Loftus and palmer (1974) - watch film clip of car accident and asked questions. each had different verb in critical question to ask how fast car travelled e.g. "hit" "smash". contacted = mean estimate 31.8mph smashed = mean estimate 40.5mph

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

response bias explanation: wording doesn't effect memory but influences how we answer. substitution explanation: wording changes memory of the clip

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

co witnesses discuss event with each other, the accuracy of the recall may be influenced. combine information of witnesses with their own

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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