What shallow processing is, the four paragraphs youll talk about and that factors that affect depth of processing are things that affect how deeply things are processed
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What is the first paragraph?
Logical subordination
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What is logical subordination?
The way in which a sentence is structured can influence the level of processing - What the focus of the sentence is can affect whether you fully process what is being said within it, whether info is in the subordinate clause or main body
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What does Logical subordination distinguish between?
the focal information from the extra information indicating what you should focus your attention on
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When are you more likely to spot the error?
If it is positioned in the main body of the sentence, this is because we automatically focus on it
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Baker and Wagner (1987)
They were less likely to report false info if information was presented in a logical subordinate: This is evidence for shallow processing as it shows that people dont spend any attention on subordinate clause so don't process it
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What is this a good way of testing?
Because it is more applicable to show how people read and process different parts of sentences
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What is the second paragraph?
Linguistic focus
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What is linguistic focus?
This is the part of the sentence which adds new information to the text and is often the focus of the sentence, if the focus is an error in the sentence, then more likely to spot it
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Sturt et al (2004)
They presented participants with text on a screen in which they read. They were presented with another piece of text, where one of the words had changed. If people had processed the text and this word deeply enough, would notice change
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What was found?
Those in the linguistic focus condition detected the change more than those in the unfocused condition as their attention had been directed this way
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What does this suggest?
The word is the focus of the sentence can influence how deeply you process meaning and the ability to spot change
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What is the 3rd paragraph?
Discourse focus
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What is discourse focus?
It is the part of the sentence which seemingly answers a question previouslt mentioned in the text, therefore, putting it into focus
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Sturt et al (2004)
used the same text change detection paradigm to test whether this influences processing • Found that when the changed word was in focus, pps were more likely to notice the change
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What does this show?
putting something in focus makes you process it a deeper level
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When the item is out of focus, it may be what?
represented as a more general thing, e.g. cider is classed as a drink, not cider on its own, so when this word is changed, you still recognised it as a drink and the error is not detected
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If it is focused then process what?
It as what it actually is, ie. cider, so notice when the word is altered
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When is text change detection used?
throughout the literature so is a reliable method to use however, does this encourage normal reading? If seen the same/similar text again, likely to just skim over it, maybe this why not detecting the error
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What is the fourth paragraph?
Attention grabbing devices
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What attention grabbing devices
• Can be influenced by attention grabbing techniques such as placing the error in capitals or italics • They may work in the same way as focus by directing attention to this word, forcing you to process it and therefore detect the anomaly
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Bredart and Doquier (1989)?
presented pps with a sentence which contained either the anomaly in capitals and underlined or a different, correct word in
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What was found?
when the anomaly was in capitals, there was 86.5% detection compared to 68.3% detection when it was another word in the sentence
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What does it show?
• Shows that these devices are effective at drawing attention towards the error and therefore resulting in that word being processed deeper
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the first paragraph?
Back
Logical subordination
Card 3
Front
What is logical subordination?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does Logical subordination distinguish between?
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