F334 - The Thread of Life (exam questions)

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What structural feature causes all amino acids (except glycine) to have enantiomers?
Asymmetric/chiral carbon
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Explain the term 'enantiomers'
Isomers whose structures are mirror images of each other, and are non-superimposable.
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What is a chiral carbon?
A carbon atom that has four different atoms or groups of atoms attached.
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What is meant by 'specificity' when referring to enzymes?
Enzymes only catalyse particular reactions with substrates whose shape allows them to fit the active site.
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What is meant by 'inhibitor' when referring to enzymes?
A molecule with a similar shape to the substrate which binds to the active site and does not react.
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Explain why most enzymes will not catalyse reactions at very high or very low pH
Changes in pH affect interactions between ionisable side chains, which can alter the shape of the active site.
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Explain why most enzymes will not catalyse reactions at high temperatures
Above a certain temperature, an enzyme's structure begins to break down as intermolecular bonds are broken.
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What is the order of a reaction with respect to the substrate in conditions of low substrate concentration? Explain your answer
At low concentrations of substrate, there are plenty of active sites for the substrate to bind to- so doubling the substrate concentration doubles the rate of reaction. The reaction is first order with respect to the substrate.
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What is the order of a reaction with respect to the substrate in conditions of high substrate concentration? Explain your answer
At high concentrations of substrate, all of the active sites are saturated. Increasing the substrate concentration will have no effect on the rate of reaction. Making the reaction zero order with respect to the substrate.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain the term 'enantiomers'

Back

Isomers whose structures are mirror images of each other, and are non-superimposable.

Card 3

Front

What is a chiral carbon?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by 'specificity' when referring to enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is meant by 'inhibitor' when referring to enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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