Electrons that are shared between more than two atoms.
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pi-bond
Sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
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Addition reaction
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated to make a saturated molecule.
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Substitution reaction
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.
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Electrophile
An electron pair acceptor.
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Electrophilic substitution
Type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
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Reaction mechanism
A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction.
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Curly arrow
A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of a pair of electrons in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond.
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Functional group
The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions.
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Electronegativity
A measure of attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Reflux
Continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
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Nucleophile
An electron pair donor.
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Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.
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Hydrolysis
A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
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Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues.
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High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Removes cholesterol from the arteries and transports it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation.
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Primary amine
One in which the nitrogen atom is attached to one carbon chains.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
Back
pi-bond
Card 3
Front
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated to make a saturated molecule.
Back
Card 4
Front
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.
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