F211 Cell Structure

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Light Microscope
Magnification: X1500 Resolution: 200nm
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Magnification: X100,000 Resolution: 0.1nm
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Transmission Electron Microscope
Magnification: X500,000 Resolution: 0.1nm
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Magnification and Resolution
Magnification is how much larger the image is in comparison to the specimen whilst resolution is the ability to distinguish between 2 objects.
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Samples are stained in order to
See different organelles; distinguish between different organelles; contrast makes different parts of the specimen show up
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Magnification=
Image size/Object Size
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Nucleus
Chromatin consists of DNA and Proteins and has the instructions to make proteins; Some of these proteins controls the cell's activities
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Nucleolus
Makes RNA and Ribosomes
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered in ribosomes; transports, folds and processes proteins that have been made in ribosomes
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesises and processes lipids
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Golgi Apparatus
Receives protein from ER; processes and packages new lipids and proteins; packs proteins into vesicles; Makes Lysosomes
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Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis where mRNA from the nucleus is used to assemble proteins into amino acids
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Mitochondria
Site of Aerobic Respiration where Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is produced
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Vesicles
Membrane bound sacs that carry many different substances around cells
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Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes; digests invading cells or worn out components of the cell
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Chloroplasts
Site of Photosynthesis in plant cells
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Plasma Membrane
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells; has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals such as hormones
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Centrioles
Take part in cell division forming spindle to move chromosome during nuclear division
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Cilia
In cross-sections have an outer membrane and a ring of 9 pairs of protein microtubules with a single pair in the middle; Moves substances along cell surface
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Flagella
Longer than Cilia, surrounded by cell membrane; Propel cells forward
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Production and Synthesis of Proteins
mRNA leaves nucleus through nuclear pore and attaches to a ribosome; ribosome assembles protein inside RER which is pinched off by a vesicle and taken to Golgi Apparatus; It is modified and packaged into vesicles to be fused to the plasma membrane
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Importance of Cytoskeleton- network of protein thread
Supports cell organelles and strengthens cell; Transport: chromosome movement during cell division depends on contraction of microtubules in spindle; cilia and flagella move due to cytoskeletal protein filaments
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Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic Cells with Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells: are smaller; have circular DNA free floating in cytoplasm; have no nucleus; have smaller ribosomes; have cell wall made of peptidoglycan
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Compare and Contrast Plant and Animal Cells
Plant cell have: a cell wall with plasmodesmata to exchange substances with adjacent cells; have a vacuole to maintain turgidity; chloroplasts for photosynthesis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Scanning Electron Microscope

Back

Magnification: X100,000 Resolution: 0.1nm

Card 3

Front

Transmission Electron Microscope

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Magnification and Resolution

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Samples are stained in order to

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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