polar jet stream, constructive paste margin, unusual seismic activity, mid-atlantic ridge, un-monitored volcano, meeting of 2 types of magma (basaltic + andesitic in volcano)
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Primary hazards
minor fissures eruptions then explosive eruption melted glacier on top of it mixing lava with melt water form ash cloud 10km into sky
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Secondary hazards
floods, lahars, landslides
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economic impacts
airlines lost £130 million per day for 6 days, affected trade, channel tunnel and ferries got more business
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Environmental impacts
thick ash contaminated water affected breathing, river became 100x wider by flood, long term ash became natural fertiliser increased crop production
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Social impacts
airports closed, 700 evacuated, no deaths or injuries, holiday makers stranded for 6 days
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Short term responses
evacuation day before (small eruption), bulldozed main road help floodwater reach sea faster and cheaper to repair than bridge, prior knowledge of polar jet stream enabled flights to be cancelled
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Long term responses
Aviation industry put infrared sensors to detect smoke clouds on wings, better defences, deeper river, roads and bridges, more high tech equipment for monitoring
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Primary hazards
Back
minor fissures eruptions then explosive eruption melted glacier on top of it mixing lava with melt water form ash cloud 10km into sky
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