the brain fills in blanks and reconstructs the memory even though it now might not be true
1 of 21
What did Bartlett's (1932) study find?
that the brain does fill in blanks that are false memories and that culture and time effects the memory
2 of 21
What did Carmichael's (1932) study find?
that memories can be altered by cues, therefore supporting Bartlett that reconstructive memories can be false
3 of 21
How do we recognise unfamiliar faces?
by looking at the hairline and style (Ellis et al 1979)
4 of 21
What is the cross-race effect?
Buckout and Regan (1988) found that it is harder to recognise faces that are a different ethnicity to you
5 of 21
What did Bruce and Young (1998) say about facial recognition?
rather than recognising each feature individually we recognise faces when we group all of the features together- making it difficult to recognise partial faces e.g. just the eyes- supported by the Thatcher Effect (Thompson 1980)
6 of 21
Why do criminals wear balaclavas?
Roberts and Bruce (1988) noses and eyebrows are useful for identifying the gender of a person- covering these up makes it more difficult to identify
7 of 21
How can mistakes be mad in recognising faces?
Brown et al (1977) said that it's easy for us to recognise a face but more difficult to know where from- this has led to many misconvictions
8 of 21
What is the attribution theory?
the use of internal and external attributions to explains your own and other people's behaviour (Heider, 1958)
9 of 21
What are internal attributions?
dispositional- explaining behaviour by saying 'it's because of their personality'
10 of 21
What are external attributions?
situational- explaining behaviour due to situation you're in
11 of 21
What is the FAE?
fundamental attribution error- overemphasising the character of someone and de-emphasising the situation they were in
12 of 21
What is the actor-observer effect?
explaining your own behaviour through situational factors but other people's through dispositional
13 of 21
What did Barjonet (1980) say about the FAE?
found that people were more likely to blame an accident on the driver rather than bad driving conditions etc.
14 of 21
What did Walster (1966) say about actor-observer effect?
gave ppts a story about a parked car rolling down the hill- the more serious the outcome the more they blamed it on driver fault, the less serious the more sitational
15 of 21
How does the role of emotion effect memory?
it can either improve it or reduce recall depending on the amount of emotional arousal
16 of 21
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?
memory recall is improved in times of high emotion up to a certain point- but in times of really high emotion, recall is reduced
17 of 21
What evidence is there to support the Yerkes-Dodson law?
Deffenbacher et al (2004) did a mata-analysis of studies and found that emotion has a negative impact on recall
18 of 21
What is the weapon effect?
Loftus et al (1987) suggests that if there is a weapon at the scene of the crime recall is poorer because the eyewitness is concentrating on that weapon rather than what is going on around them
19 of 21
What supporting evidence is there for this?
Johnson and Scott (1978) sat two groups of ppts in separate rooms and as they waited for the experiment to start in group 1 a man walked in with a pen covered in grease and in group 2 a man walked in with a knife covered in blood
20 of 21
What did Johnson and Scott (1978) find?
the ppts that had been in the room with the man with the knife had a poorer recall of the man compared with group 1
21 of 21
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did Bartlett's (1932) study find?
Back
that the brain does fill in blanks that are false memories and that culture and time effects the memory
Comments
No comments have yet been made