Explanations of Schizophrenia 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? PsychologySchizophreniaA2/A-levelAQA Created by: Amelia BarnesCreated on: 08-06-13 14:45 What are the two types of explanations of schizophrenia? Biological and psychological 1 of 36 Where is schizophrenia more common? Among biological relatives of the person with schizophrenia. 2 of 36 What did Joseph (2000) find? Found concordance rate for MZ twins of 40% and 7% for DZ twins 3 of 36 What does the use of 'blind' diagnoses do? Produces lower concordance rate for MZ twins, but still much higher than DZ twins 4 of 36 What did Tienari et al (2000) find? If the biological mother of an adopted child is schizophrenic, 6.7% of adoptees are also schizophrenic 5 of 36 Evaluate Joseph's twin study. Environments of MZ twins may be more similar than for DZ twins. 6 of 36 What may differences in concordance rates reflect? Environmental similarity rather than the role of genetic factors 7 of 36 Suggest why schizophrenia runs in families, other than heritability. Expressed emotion 8 of 36 Evaluate Tienari's adoption study. Adopted children from schizophrenic backgrounds may be adopted by a particular type of adoptive parent, making conclusions difficult to draw. 9 of 36 What do many studies have to include to show genetic influences. 'Schizophrenic spectrum disorders' 10 of 36 What does the evolutionary perspective suggest? Schizophrenia may have had an adaptive advantage 11 of 36 What does the dopamine hypothesis state? Neurons that transmit dopamine fire too easily or too often which leads to symptoms of schizophrenia 12 of 36 What do schizophrenics have abnormally high levels of? D2 receptors 13 of 36 What do large doses of amphetamines cause? Hallucinations and delusions 14 of 36 What do antipsychotic drugs do? Block dopamine and eliminate symptoms 15 of 36 What have we learned from research into treating Parkinson's disease? Treatment with L-dopa raises dopamine levels and can therefore trigger schizophrenic symptoms 16 of 36 What did Haracz (1982) find? Elevated dopamine levels in post-mortems of schizophrenics who had taken medication 17 of 36 What have neuroimaging studies failed to provide? Convincing evidence for altered dopamine activity in schizophrenics. 18 of 36 How does the psychodynamic view explain schizophrenia? It's a result of regression to the pre-ego state and attempts to re-establish ego control 19 of 36 How do further features of schizophrenia appear? By individuals attempting to understand their disorder 20 of 36 What may these individuals do? Reject feedback from others and develop delusional beliefs. 21 of 36 Evaluate the psychodynamic approach to schizophrenia. There is little evidence to support it 22 of 36 What is assumed to be the key influence in the development of schizophrenia? Behaviour of parents, but this may be a consequence rather than a cause 23 of 36 What did Meyer-Lindenberg et al (2002) find? The cognitive explanation is supported by neurophysiological evidence 24 of 36 How does the double-bind theory explain schizophrenia? Contradictory messages from parents prevent coherent construction of reality, which leads to schizophrenic symptoms. 25 of 36 Prior to schizophrenic episodes, what have patients reported? Twice as many stressful life events 26 of 36 How does expressed emotion explain schizophrenia? Family communication style involving criticism, hostility and emotional over-involvement 27 of 36 What does this lead to? Stress beyond impaired coping mechanisms and so schizophrenia 28 of 36 How does the labelling theory explain schizophrenia? Symptoms of schizophrenia are seen as deviant from rules ascribed to normal experience. The diagnostic label leads to self-fulfilling prophecy. 29 of 36 What link does some evidence challenge? The link between life events and schizophrenia 30 of 36 What type of evidence is this? Correlational, not causal 31 of 36 What does Tienari's adoption study show the importance of? Family relationships in the development of schizophrenia 32 of 36 What did Berger (1965) find? Schizophrenics recalled more double-bind statements from mothers - supports the theory 33 of 36 What has the expressed emotion (EE) theory led to? Effective therapy for relatives 34 of 36 What did Scheff (1974) find? 13 of 18 studies were consistent with predictions of labelling theory 35 of 36 Where are expressed emotion effects much less common? In non-individualist cultures 36 of 36
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