Experimental Design

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What happens in independent groups design?
Pps allocated to 2 or more groups representing different experimental conditions.
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Strengths of Independent groups.
Randomly allocated so individual differences wont affect the results; no order effects; more pps tend to be used; high external validity; quick.
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Weaknesses of Independent groups.
Expensive as twice as many pps needed; cannot be sure of individual differences; pp variables not controlled.
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What happens in repeated measures design?
Same group of pps take part in every condition.
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Strengths of repeated measures.
Less pps needed so cost effective & quick; no risk of individual differences (pps compared against themselves).
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Weaknesses of repeated measures.
Order effects occur where a practice effect does; pps may guess aim & show demand characteristics in 2nd test.
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What happens in matched pairs design?
Pps are matched on similar characteristics and put into separate groups.
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Strengths of matched pairs design.
Individual differences are controlled; better suited when repeated measures leads to an order effect.
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Weaknesses of matched pairs design.
Time consuming; ID's may affect IV + internal validity; sample may be small so may lack external validity.
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What is counterbalancing?
Overcomes order effects and ensures that each condition is tested first or second in equal amounts.
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What is the first way to counterbalance?
Divide participants into group 1 (AB) and group 2 (BA)
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What is the second way to counterbalance?
All participants take part in each condition twice.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Strengths of Independent groups.

Back

Randomly allocated so individual differences wont affect the results; no order effects; more pps tend to be used; high external validity; quick.

Card 3

Front

Weaknesses of Independent groups.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens in repeated measures design?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Strengths of repeated measures.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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