Models from other disciplines, history, ethnography and actualistic studies, which includes experimentation.
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Give two examples of classical accounts?
Descriptions of Ancient Egypt by Herodotus and Roman accounts of Britain have been influential in understanding social and religious practices such as 'barbarian; sacrifices.
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What do travelogues provide?
Insights into dwellings, technology and warfare. Reports from fur traders and explorers provide insights into the economy of Native Americans at sites such as Head Smashed In.
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What is Ethnography?
The study of modern day people.
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What is Anthropology?
Comparing different human cultures to identify general similarities and principles.
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What are ethnographic analogies?
They draw on the wide range of current and historically recorded cultures to interpret archaeological evidence.
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Why can ethnography limit the imagination of archaeologists?
As there are normally huge amounts of time between ancient and modern civilisations.
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What are actualistic studies?
These studies involve the use of materials similar to those from the past in order to tie observed behaviour together with physical remains. They include ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology.
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What is ethnoarchaeology?
This involves studying how modern day communities use material culture from the perspective of an archaeologist.
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What can archaeologists understand by connecting modern activities with physical remains.
What behaviour is reflected in which data.
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What can archaeologists identify from studying people who manufacture stone tools and debis that they leave?
This can help us to identify the patterns left by different processes.
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What can help identify what a certain area was used for?
Examining the distribution of remains within modern hunting camps.
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What is experimental archaeology?
This process involves forming a question or hypothesis about a technique, artefact or ecofact and testing it using similar materials.
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What can replica artefacts be used for?
To test how functional real examples would be.
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Give an example of replicating an artefact.
Testing flint axes to see how effectively they can be to chop down trees, and then comparing the use wear patterns with Neolithic exampls.
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What do reconstructions use data for?
As a basis for models that can be tested.
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Why is experimental archaeology weighted towards technical understanding>
There may be social or religious reasons for particular designs and materials being used which reconstructions cannot directly address.
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What can recreated boats help archaeologists to understand?
They can help us understand the skills and potential of past seafarers. The building process provided into the skills required of specialised shipwrights and the materials they would have needed.
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What do the ships help archaeologists understand?
Seamanship, speed, range, loads, handling and function. As well as educating the public.
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What are taphonomic studies?
This involves transformation processes to understand patterns on real sites and their impact on archaeological material.
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Give an example of a taphonomic study?
A square metre was used to stimulate a portion of the Palaeolithic site of Klithi in northern Greece.
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Why is replication key with all experimental archaeology?
Where there have been several experiments that give the same results those results are more widely accepted.
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Name 5 case studies.
Sutton Hoo replica;Klithi;Head Smashed In;West Stow;Butser Ancient Farm.
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Card 2
Front
Give two examples of classical accounts?
Back
Descriptions of Ancient Egypt by Herodotus and Roman accounts of Britain have been influential in understanding social and religious practices such as 'barbarian; sacrifices.
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