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6. Which is NOT a main metabolic waste of mammals?

  • Salt
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Bile pigments
  • Nitrogenous waste (urea)

7. What do Kupffer cells in the sinusoids do?

  • Act as macrophages to ingest foreign particles and prevent disease.
  • Remove water from the blood to create urine.
  • Produce and spread mucus.
  • Clean the blood of toxins.

8. What do hepatocytes do?

  • They secret bile from the breakdown of blood into canaliculi, which drains into bile ductules into the gall bladder.
  • Clean the blood of toxins.
  • Get rid of sugar and salt in the blood.
  • Secrete urea into the bladder.

9. Briefly, what is carbohydrate metabolism?

  • Hepatocytes convert glucose to glycogen, which is stored in the liver and restored to glucose when needed.
  • Using carbohydrates to increase overall metabolism and assist the liver.
  • Increasing the digestion and metbolism of carbohydrates.
  • Reducing the digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates.

10. Briefly, what is deamination of excess amino acids?

  • The removal of an amine group from a molecule, preventing the excretion of useful excess proteins.
  • Breaking down amino acids and proteins to remove them from the blood.
  • Turning ammonia into amino acids to remove toxins.

11. What is urea?

  • It is formed by the breakdown of amino acids by the liver.
  • Concentrated urine.
  • The vessel carrying urine from the bladder out of the body.

12. What does the hepatic portal vein do?

  • Connects the hepatic veins and arteries.
  • Carries blood with products from digestion to the liver.
  • Takes oxygenated blood to the heart.

13. How do hepatocytes break down hydrogen peroxide?

  • Hepatocytes break the hydrogen peroxide down using various metabolic pathways.
  • Hepatocytes contain the enzyme catalase, splitting hydrogen peroxide into O2 and H2O
  • Kupffer cells break down the hydrogen peroxide into CO2 and H20 using enzymes.

14. Why does blood from the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein mix in the sinusoids?

  • To make the system more efficient.
  • To increase the oxygen content of the blood from the hepatic portal vein, providing hepatocytes with plenty of oxygen.
  • To clean the blood.
  • To reduce the oxygen content of the blood from the hepatic portal vein, stopping the hepatocytes from getting oxygen.