Get rid of carbon dioxide,take in oxygen. Small surface area to volume. Multicellular organisms diffusion too slow.
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How air enters the lung.
Through the trachea down the bronchi into a bronchioles and then into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
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Gas exchange at alveoli adaptation.
Many alveoli so large surface area. Network of capillary for steep diffusion gradient along with breathing in and out. Squamous epithilium for thin diffusion path. Surfectant released to dissolve gases.
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Role of goblet cells.
Secrete mucus and trap microorganisms and dust.
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Role of cilia.
Beat the mucus which moves the mucus to top of tranche with wave like motion to prevent infections.
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Role of elastic fibres.
Stretch to facilitate more air entering the lungs and recoil to push air out of lung.
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Role of smooth muscle.
Determine diameter of airway by relaxing to make it wider. Or contracting to make airway more narrow.
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What parts in different places.
Trachea- Cartilage, smooth muscle,elastic fibre and goblet cells. Bronchi - Cartilage, smooth muscle,elastic fibre and goblet cells. Bronchiole- smooth muscle and elastic fibre. Alveoli- elastic fibres.
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Inspiration.
Intercostal and diaphram muscles contract. Ribcage moves upwards and outwards. Diaphram flattens. Volume of thorax increase. Lung pressure decreases to below atmospheric pressure. Air flows into lungs. Active process
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Expiration
Intercostal and diaphram muscle relax. ribcage moves downward and inwards. Diaphram becomes curved. Volume in thorax decreases. Pressure in thorax increases to above atmospheric pressure. Air forced out of lungs. Passive process
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Tidal volume
Volume in each breath
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Vital capacity
Maximum volume of air breathed in or out
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Breathing rate
How many breath usually taken in a minute
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Oxygen uptake
The rate at which a person uses up oxygen
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How does a spirometer work?
Oxygen filled chamber with movable lid is connected to tube which person breathes from. Chamber moves up and down and the movement causes pen on lid to write on a rotating drum. The soda lime removed carbon dioxide.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How air enters the lung.
Back
Through the trachea down the bronchi into a bronchioles and then into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
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