EXAM TOPIC 4 COG PSYCH (DECISION MAKING)

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1. Why was chess used to study differences in problem solving expertise?

  • The problem space is huge as there is various moves which could be perfomed
  • Fits into problem solving theory
  • All three
  • Has very clear ranking systems
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2. What were the findings from DeGroot’s Chess Studies (1965,1966)?

  • Less expert players had a better recall of board positions than masters (91% vs 41%)
  • Masters had better recall of board positions than less expert players (91% vs 41%)
  • Gifted school children had a better recall of board positions (91% vs 41%)
  • There was no difference in scores when the positions were randomly arranged

3. In DeGroot’s Chess Studies (1965, 1966) he compared performance of two groups of people. Which of the following is correct?

  • 5 grand masters & 5 expert players
  • 5 gifted school children & 5 expert players
  • 5 expert players & 5 beginners
  • 5 gifted school children & 5 beginners

4. Lizzie & Donald are getting married in August 2020. Their original estimate was for the wedding was £15,000. However now the cost is £19,000. Their prior decision was based on overly optimistic forecasts. What is this an example of?

  • Self-serving bias
  • Planning fallacy bias
  • Sunk-cost bias
  • Omission bias

5. In Schwarz et al (1994) study on assertiveness, what was the main finding?

  • Women who recalled 6 items rated themselves as having higher levels of assertiveness compared to males
  • The group that had to recall 6 examples rated themselves MORE assertive than those who recalled 12
  • The group who had to recall 12 examples rated themselves more assertive than those who had to recall 6
  • There was no difference between the two experimental groups

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