syndetic - list using and. asyndetic - list without using and.
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patterning/parallels
builds patterns of phrases in text.
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allusion
reference to something widely known, e.g. God.
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collective identity
'we'
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personal guarantees
'i will'.
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parenthesis
brackets or dashes working as brackets.
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field specific lexis
words linking to area of expertise.
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high frequency lexis
words used all the time e.g. stuff, wanna...
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low frequency lexis
words used less often, e.g. humiliation/elegant.
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adjacency pairs
paired expressions found in conversation. e.g. greeting and greeting
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closing sequence
end of conversation
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opening sequence
start of conversation
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pre-closing signal
things you say to end conversation e.g. 'better let you get on'
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three part exchange
three way exchange like an adjacency pair.
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digression
goes off topic
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topic loop
linking topics in conversation
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topic shift
changing the subject.
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back-chanelling
feedback to show you're listening.
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dominance
one person ruling conversation
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tag question
question on end of statement.
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deiectic expressions
referring to something outside the text e.g. 'this one' 'that one'
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discourse marker
word to signal new focus e.g. 'anyway'
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modifier
adjective e.g. 'shiny' 'happily'
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disjointed construction
missing words in what you're saying.
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incomplete construction
never speak in sentences, say something but then dont finish.
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non-standard grammar
dont use grammar/different use of grammar
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false start
start again to correct yourself/switch to new topic
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filled pause
'erm'
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repair
start, stop and say it in a different way.
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dialect
wordsw choices depending on where you're from.
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elision
merge sounds together 'dunno'
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prosody/prosodic
the way speech is spoken, e.g. stress, intonation, pitch (rhythm of speech)
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interactional language
conversation focused on social relationships
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phatic talk
small talk, no serious purpose
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referential language
provides information
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transactional language
exchange to achieve something e.g. 'when shall we go shopping?'
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accommodation theory
adjust our speech to 'accommodate' the person we are addressing. Downwards convergence - change posh accent to lower class. Upwards convergence - changing speech to sound more posh.
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divergence
making speech sound further apart e.g. at a football match, north v south.
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Grice's maxims
Don't flout the maxims of: quantity, quality, relevance and manner.
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Face theory
the image we present ourselves with in an interaction called 'face'. Presenting our own face is called face-work. Accept others face but if you reject a face, it is called a face threatening act.
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