Evolutions and classifcation

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  • Created by: EmmNat14
  • Created on: 23-03-15 10:06
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity is a measure of the number of living species living on the planet.
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Define the term species
A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed in natural conditions and produce fertile off springs. The number of species per square km increases as the moves from the poles to the tropics.
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Two examples of enviroments that have high levels of biodiversity
Tropical rainforest and coral reefs
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Three main causes of extinction
Competition from introduced species, loss of habitat (deforestation and pollution) and over hunting by humans
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What are addition factors that threaten species?
Deforestation, drainage of wetlands and pollution
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what is meant by a genetic bottle neck?
It is linked to low genetic diversity( a difference in alleles). There would be a very low population
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define species conservation
It is the planned preservation of wildlife
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what is the evolutionar theory?
It is the process by which new species are formed from pre-existing ones over a very long period of time. Estabilished by Charles Darwin
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What are darwins finches
leaf eating finch, bud and fruit eating finch, grub eating, tool using finch( wood ******) and insect eating finch
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what is natural selection?
Natural selection is the process that drives evolution
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What does natural selection state?
there is variation between species, there is comptetiton between memebers of the same species to survive, the fittest organsims survive and reproduce and the genes for these favourable characteristics are inherited by the offspring.
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What is palarontology?
Concerned with fossil animals and plants studies in the geological past - represented by fossils remains
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What is a fossil and how is it fomred?
Once an animal or plant dies it falls to the ground and is covered by sediment. A fossil is preserved remains or traces of animals or plants
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What is predicted by Darwin's theory but not found in the fossil record?
Minute chnages in organisms which slowly accumulate, gradually changing the organism
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Give an example of a species that is under threat due to a change in its enviorment
koala bears- urbanisation and farming have destroyed their natural habitats, they rely largely on eucalyptus trees for both food and shelter
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two examples of major mass extinctions
permian mass extinctions- 96% of species and creataceous- tertiary mass extinction eg dinosaurs
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what are the two main theories of why dionosaurs became extinct?
an asteroid crashed onto the earth and there was a change is climate levels and land levels
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what is taxonomy?
taxonomy is the scientific study of diversity of living organsims
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what do scientist examine when looking at physical similarity?
number of legs, similar anatomical structure and vesticial features
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what do scientist examine when looking at DNA composition?
Organisms with common ancestors ave more closely realated nucleotide base (DNA) sequences.
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What order does the taxon go on in?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. King phil came over for great sausages!!
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what are the features of a prokaryotae?
unicellular organisms, no internal cell membranes, no nuclear membrane, no endoplasmic reticulum, no mitrocondria, no golgi body and they have a cell wall but not made from cellulose
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what are the features of a protoctista?
small eukaryotic organism, membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus with anuclear memebrane, not in animals or plants or fungi, includes algae
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what are the features of fungi?
Eukaryotic organisms, rigid cell wall made of chitin, does'nt have photosynthesis pigments, feeding heterotrophic, all members are saprophytic or parasitic, reroduction by spores that lack flagella
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what are the features of a plantae?
multicellular and carry out photosynthesis, cells are eukaryotic, have cellulose walls, vacuoles containingf cell sap, chloroplasts containing photosyntheis pigments, autotrophs
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what are the features of a animalia?
multicellular, hetertrophic eukaryotics with cells lacking a cell wall, shows nervous co-ordination
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Whats the catogories in the kingdom?
prokaryote, protoctisa, plantae, animalia and fungi
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what are the catogories in phylum?
arthropods, annelids and chordates
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whats are the catogories of class?
insects, crustaceans, arachnids, myriopods, mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define the term species

Back

A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed in natural conditions and produce fertile off springs. The number of species per square km increases as the moves from the poles to the tropics.

Card 3

Front

Two examples of enviroments that have high levels of biodiversity

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Three main causes of extinction

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are addition factors that threaten species?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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