What does the evolutionary approach argue. (Intro)
Gender roles are adaptive due to evolved unconscious mechanisms (genes). All behaviour should increase reproductive success and survival chance.
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Explain Division of labour (AO1)
Traditionally - Men = hunter, Women = gatherer - cum-domestic goddess. = Spent most life producing milk, pregnant or both. If the woman was hunting --> reduces reproductive success.
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What did Kuhn and Stiner find about Division of Labour? (AO1)
Division of labour is the reasons humans survived. Neanderthals Extinct = both hunted animals (evidence in skeletal remains) Hunting was unsuccessful and so they starved and died.
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Explain mate choice for males (AO1)
Due to uncertainty of paternity, makes sense why men would maximise the number of pregnancies. Strategies = searching for females with signs of fetility (youth, health Childbearing hips).
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What did Singh find about mate choice for males? (AO2)
Men are attracted to women with low waist : hip ratio = childbearing hips. = enhances chance of reproduction.
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Explain mate choice for women. (AO1)
Women spend 9 month aswell as an egg on being pregnant. She needs a mate, who is healthy, committed and willing to help in child rearing. Strategies = health, ability to protect, ability to provide.
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What did Buss find about Mate choice? (AO2)
Men value physical attractiveness more than women. Women value earning potential. (ability to provide.)
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What did Buss find in the culture study? (AO2)
All 37 cultures = women prefered an older partner (they can provide) = supports that men search for fertility whilst women value resources and status.
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What is a methodological advantage to Buss's Study? (AO2)
High cross cultural validity = traits wanted by men and women were universal. = evolutionary link.
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What is a problem with methodology of Buss's study? (AO2)
Use of Questionnaires = Reduces validity. --> social desirability and linguistic barriers. Some may have felt they couldn't answer or some may have misread the question.
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How does Waynforth and Dunbar support mate choice? (AO2)
= Men and women value different qualities in potential partners. Studied personal ads from dating websites. = women offered physical attractiveness more (16% more), men looked for physical attractiveness more (22% more)
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What is wrong with the sample in Waynforth and Dunbar's Study? (AO2)
Bias = those who submit ads may not be representative of the general population. Reducing ecological validity.
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Why is the evolutionary explanation reductionist? (AO2)
Doesn't consider social and cognitive factors - even though it is thought socialisation forms early gender development. To be Holistic - it would have to include these factors.
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What evidence supports social explanation? (AO2)
(Media) Hodges et al. - Men = more likely to be exercising control. Women = At the mercy of others.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Explain Division of labour (AO1)
Back
Traditionally - Men = hunter, Women = gatherer - cum-domestic goddess. = Spent most life producing milk, pregnant or both. If the woman was hunting --> reduces reproductive success.
Card 3
Front
What did Kuhn and Stiner find about Division of Labour? (AO1)
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain mate choice for males (AO1)
Back
Card 5
Front
What did Singh find about mate choice for males? (AO2)
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