League of Nations info.

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Treaty of Versailles (ToV) - signed in June 1919 - Germany were forced to take the blame (Guilt Clause - Article 213) main terms?
German army restricted to 10000 men, navy restricted to 6 battleships, no air force allowed; Germany to pay £6.6 billion REPARATIONS (war debt); all German colonies handed over to Britain&France as "mandates"; Rhineland demilitarised.
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The Big Three: George Clemenceau (French P.M.); David Lloyd George (British P.M.); Woodrow Wilson (US President)
Wilson's 14 Points (January 1918) - Point 14 called for the League of Nations (LoN) to settle disputes. (e.g. of points, 1) No secret treaties, 2) Free access to the sea for all, 3) Free trade between countries, 4) Disarmament for all countries, etc)
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Reactions to the ToV - Some said fair: WW1 caused too much death and damage; Germany had to be stopped from doing the same thing again; people in Britain&France wanted revenge; politicians listened so they could stay in power.
ToV too harsh: it was unfair on Germany (punishment too severe); Germans were left weak and resentful (could cause another war); it wouldn't help rebuild European trade and wealth because Germany couldn't afford the reparations.
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Other treaties' terms followed the pattern of ToV - they had to disarm, they had to pay reparations, they lost land and new countries were formed.
Bulgaria: Treaty of Neuilly (27th November 1919), Austria: Treaty of St Germain (10th September 1919), Turkey: Treaty of Sèvres (10th August 1920), Hungary: Treaty of Trianon (4th June 1920)
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4 MAIN AIMS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS: encouraging co-operation, improving living and working conditions, stopping aggression and disarmament.
LoN - began work in January 1920 - 42 members to start with, became 50 by the 1930s - all members followed a covenant of 26 rules
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SUCCESSES OF THE LEAGUE: Upper Silesia (Germany&Poland 1921); Aaland Islands (Sweden&Finland 1921); Invasion of Bulgaria (Greece 1925) THESE SUCCESSIONS GAVE THE LoN A GOOD REPUTATION.
FAILURES OF THE LEAGUE: Corfu incident (1923)- Mussolini demanded paid compensation and an apology from Greece (Italian diplomat was murdered) - League demanded the money be paid to them - Mussolini overturned apology and received money and apology
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USA DIDN'T JOIN LEAGUE. Reasons? USA didn't like ToV, thought LoN was connected to it; thought it'd be expensive, wanted to stay out of Europe and only worry about their issues (ISOLATIONISM); thought people should be FREE UNDER DEMOCRACY.
LEAGUE WASN'T POWERFUL ENOUGH: Britain&France were leaders, neither strong enough after WW1; Germany&Russia didn't get to join at first; LoN didn't have army of its own, members didn't want to commit to war; all decisions had to be UNANIMOUSLY VOTED
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(Assembly - each country had 1 vote, only allowed to recommend to council) (Council - met 3 times per year, unless emergency, 5 permanent members, Br,Fr,It,***,Ger 1926, also 4 temp. members) (Secretariat - did work of League like a civil service).
(International Labour Organisation - to improve working conditions), (Permanent Court of International Justice), (Commissions - e.g. Mandates, Refugees, World Health Organisation).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The Big Three: George Clemenceau (French P.M.); David Lloyd George (British P.M.); Woodrow Wilson (US President)

Back

Wilson's 14 Points (January 1918) - Point 14 called for the League of Nations (LoN) to settle disputes. (e.g. of points, 1) No secret treaties, 2) Free access to the sea for all, 3) Free trade between countries, 4) Disarmament for all countries, etc)

Card 3

Front

Reactions to the ToV - Some said fair: WW1 caused too much death and damage; Germany had to be stopped from doing the same thing again; people in Britain&France wanted revenge; politicians listened so they could stay in power.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Other treaties' terms followed the pattern of ToV - they had to disarm, they had to pay reparations, they lost land and new countries were formed.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

4 MAIN AIMS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS: encouraging co-operation, improving living and working conditions, stopping aggression and disarmament.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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