Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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What is the purpose of the membrane-bound compartments? (Called organelles)
They provide distinct environments and therefore conditions for the different cellular reactions
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State the main purpose of cell membranes
They control the movement of substances into and out of the cell and organelles (They are selectively permeable)
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What is the purpose of the nucleus?
Contains genetic information in the form of DNA molecules
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What is the purpose of the nucelear envelope?
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane which the DNA is contained inside in order to protect it from damage within the cytoplasm
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What is the purpose of the nuclear pores on the nuclear envelope?
They allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus, such as RNA molecules after transcription of DNA has occurred
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What are chromosomes made up of?
Condensed coils of chromatin
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What is the nuecleolus?
An area within the nucleus which is responsible for producing ribosomes
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What is the purpose of mitochonrdria?
They are the site of the final stages of cellular respiration. Very active cells have a lot of mitochondria
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What are vesicles?
They are membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles
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What are lysosomes?
They are specialised forms of vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down waste material in cells including old organelles
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What does the cytoskeleton of a cell consist of?
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate fibres
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What are microfilaments and what is their purpose?
They are contractile fibres formed from the protein actin. They are responsible for cell movement and also cell conotraction during cytokinesis
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What are microtubules and what is their purpose?
They are globular tubulin proteins which polymerise to form tubes. These tubes are used to form scaffold-like structures that determines the shape of the cell. They also provide tracks for the movement of organelles, like vesicles, around the cell
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What is the purpose of intermediate fibres?
These fibres give mechanical strength to cells and help to maintain their integrity
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What does a flagellum do?
A flagellum is a whip-like protrusion that are used primary to enable cells to move. For example, the 'tail' of a sperm cell is it's flagellum
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What is the purpose of cilia?
They are hair-like extensions which beat in a rhythmic manner, creating a current which causes fluid or objects adjacent to the cell to move away
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Give some examples of where ciliated cells may be found
In the nose and the lining of the trachea
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What are the two different types of endoplasmic reticulum called?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
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Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum described as rough and not smooth like the other endoplasmic reticulum?
A rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes bound to the surface, making it 'rough' as opposed to 'smooth' (Smooth is to have no ribosomes on the surface)
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What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
It is responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage
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What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
It is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins (Hence the ribosomes)
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What is the golgi apparatus?
It is a compact structure formed of cisternae which does not contain ribosomes. It is similar in structure to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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What is the role of the golgi apparatus?
It modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles. They may be secretory vesicles if the proteins are destined to leave the cell, or lysosomes which stay in the cell
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State the main purpose of cell membranes

Back

They control the movement of substances into and out of the cell and organelles (They are selectively permeable)

Card 3

Front

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the purpose of the nucelear envelope?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the purpose of the nuclear pores on the nuclear envelope?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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