ethics - absolutist theories

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give 3 strengths of absolute morality.
fixed moral code for all, most cultures have similar moral beliefs, condemns bad actions like Nazism.
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give 3 weakness' of absolute morality.
intolerant of indevidual/cultural differences, doesn't consider circumstances, how can there be one fixed set of moral laws?who decides them?
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give a quote from Aristotle about Natural Law.
"that which is natural is unchangeable, and has the same power everywhere."
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what were Aristotle's efficient and final cause?
efficient cause - steps to reach final cause, final cause - fulfilled purpose, which for humans is to reach eudaimonia.
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what did the group of stoics say about Natural Law?
human morality should be in harmony with universe
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give Aquinas' quote about basic moral law.
"good is to be done and pursued, and evil is to be avoided."
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what did Aquinas say about human reason?
it allows us to achieve union with God in after life as we can choose to do good.
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explain Aquinas' real and apparent goods.
real - improves and develops us as humans, apparent - pleasurable but doesn't develop us e.g clubbing and not revising!
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name Aquinas' 5 primary precepts?
Worship God, Ordered society, Reproduce, Learn, Defend the innocent.
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what were Aquinas' secondary precepts?
everyday rules which can vary in cultures etc that help fulfil primary precepts.
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give 4 strengths of natural law.
absolutist firm moral foundation, secondary precepts accommodate different cultures, everyone can appreciate the PP'S, not limited to religions as everyone has reason
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give 3 weakness of natural law.
hard to apply basic principles to complex situations, relies on all humans being able to reason accurately, consequences should matter
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what did Kant say about good will?
"good will shines forth like a precious jewel" - good will makes an action good
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explain Kant's idea of duty.
do your duty and don't let emotions get in the way - "duty should be done for the sake of duty and duty alone"
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outline Kant's hypothetical imperative.
if you want to do A, you have to do B
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explain Kant's 3 maxims in his categorical imperative
universal law - everyone should act as you do, humans as ends - don't treat humans as ends in themselves, kingdom of ends - everyone should act as if everyone has same human rights as themselves
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explain "ought implies can"
if you can do it, you should - if you can't, it's not your duty to.
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give 3 strengths of kantian ethics
respects human life, one rule for everyone seems fair, people generally have similar ideas about morality
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give 4 weakness' of kantian ethics
duty before emotion seems inhuman, not everyone can reason well, human nature to consider consequences, duties may conflict eg see grandma or revise?
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

give 3 weakness' of absolute morality.

Back

intolerant of indevidual/cultural differences, doesn't consider circumstances, how can there be one fixed set of moral laws?who decides them?

Card 3

Front

give a quote from Aristotle about Natural Law.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what were Aristotle's efficient and final cause?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what did the group of stoics say about Natural Law?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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