Ethics Key Terms

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  • Created by: Elena
  • Created on: 10-08-20 12:52
Altruism
Behaving selflessly and valuing the welfare of others.
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Behavioural Ethics
Studies why and how people make the choices that they do.
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Bounded Ethicality
People are limited in their ability to make ethical choices.
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Conflict of Interest
Arises when our interest conflicts with another's to whom we owe a duty.
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Conformity Bias
People's tendencies to take their behavioural cues from those around them.
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Consequentialism
Ethical theory that judges an action's moral correctness by its consequences.
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Corporate social responsibility
Going beyond minimum requirements to protect the environment and benefit society.
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Corruption
Dishonest conduct for personal gain by people in power.
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Deontology
Ethical theory that uses rules to discern the moral course of action.
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Diffusion of Responsibility
Occurs when people fail to take action because they assume that since others nearby are not acting, action is not responsible.
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Ethical Fading
Occurs when people focus on some other aspect of a decision so that the ethical dimensions of the choice fade from view.
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Ethics
Refers to both moral principles and to the study of people's moral obligations in society.
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Fiduciary Duty
Legal obligation to act in the best interest of another rather than one's self.
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Framing
Describes how people's responses to ethical (and other) issues are affected by the frame of references through which they view the issues.
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Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency people have to attribute others' actions to their character, ignoring the impact that situational factor might have on that behaviour.
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Groupthink
Occurs when people's desire to maintain group loyalty trumps all other factors, including abiding by their personal code of ethics.
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Hedonism
Form of consequentialism that approves of actions that produce pleasure and avoid pain.
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In-group/Out-group
This phenomenon describes the fact that we tend to judge and treat people who are like us more favourably than people who are different from us.
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Incrementalism
Slippery slope whereby people's actions evolve from small, technical violations to larger, more significant wrongs.
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Integrity
Indispensable moral virtue that includes acting with honesty, fairness, and decency.
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Justice
Complicated concept that at its core requires fairness.
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Loss Aversion
Tendency people have to dislike losses more than they enjoys gains, which can lead people to lie in order to avoid the consequences of innocent (or other) mistakes.
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Moral Absolutism
Form of deontology that asserts that certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong.
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Moral Agent
Person who can be held accountable for their actions because they have the ability to tell right from wrong.
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Moral Cognition
Study by psychologists, neurologists, and others or how people make moral judgments and choices.
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Moral Emotions
Feelings and intuitions that play a major role in most of the ethical judgments and decisions people make.
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Moral Equilibrium
We compare our self-image with our conduct and adjust our actions accordingly.
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Moral Imagination
Creatively imagining the full range of options while making moral decisions.
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Moral Muteness
Remaining silent when observing immoral behaviour.
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Moral Myopia
Difficulty in clearly seeing ethical issues and challenges.
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Moral Philosophy
Studies what is right and wrong, and related philosophical issues.
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Moral Pluralism
Notion that various conflicting values may be equally valid and worthy of respect.
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Moral Psychology
Encompasses both the philosophical and psychological study of the developmental of the moral sense and related matters.
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Moral Reasoning
Branch of philosophy that attempts to answer questions with moral dimensions.
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Moral Relativism
Asserts that moral standards are culturally-defined and therefore it may be impossible to determine what it truly right or wrong.
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Morals
Society's accepted principles of right conduct that enable people to live cooperatively.
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Neuroethics
Uses tools of neuroscience to examine how we make ethical choices; investigation of the ethics of neuroscience.
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Obedience to Authority
The tendency people have to try to comply with superiors' wishes, even when to do so conflicts with their own moral judgment.
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Overconfidence Bias
Tendency people have to be more confident in their own abilities, including making moral judgments, than objective facts would justify.
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Prosocial Behaviour
Occurs when people voluntarily help others.
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Rationalizations
Excuses people give themselves for failing to live up to their own ethical standards.
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Role Morality
Describes how people sometimes apply different ethical standards depending on what role they seem themselves playing.
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Self-Serving Bias
Tendency people have to process information in ways that advance their self-interest or support their pre-existing views.
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Social Contract Theory
The idea that society exists because of an implicitly agreed-to set of standards that provide moral and political rules of behaviour.
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Subject of Moral Worth
Any person or entity that deserves people's moral consideration .
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Sustainability
Living to meet the needs of the present generation without depleting the resources that future generations will need to meet their needs.
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Tangible and Abstract
Describes how people may make moral errors by focusing too much on immediate factors that are close in time and geography.
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Utilitarianism
Ethical theory that asserts that right and wrong are best determined by focusing on outcomes of actions and choices.
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Values
Society's shared beliefs about what is good or bad and how people should act.
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Veil of Ignorance
Device for helping people more fairly envision a fair society by pretending that they are ignorant of their personal circumstances.
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Virtue Ethics
Normative philosophical approach that urges people to live a moral life by cultivating virtuous habits.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Studies why and how people make the choices that they do.

Back

Behavioural Ethics

Card 3

Front

People are limited in their ability to make ethical choices.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Arises when our interest conflicts with another's to whom we owe a duty.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

People's tendencies to take their behavioural cues from those around them.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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