Ethics year 12

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Natural law
A deontological theory based on behaviour that accords with given laws or moral rules that exist independently of human societies and systems.
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Deontological
From the Latin for 'duty', ethics focused on the intrinsic rightness and wrongness of actions.
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Eudaimonia
Living well, as an ultimate end in life which all other actions should lead towards.
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Synderesis
To follow the good and avoid the evil, the rule which all precepts follow.
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Primary precepts
The most important rules in life: to protect life, to reproduce, to live in community, to teach the young and to believe in God.
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Secondary precepts
The laws which follow from the primary precepts.
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Teleological ethics
Moral goodness is determined by the end or result.
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Agape love
Unconditional love, the only ethical norm in situationism.
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Pragmatism
Acting (in moral situations) in a way that is practical, rather than purely ideological.
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Relativism
The rejection of absolute moral standards, such as laws or rights. Good and bad are relative to an individual or community or, in Fletcher's case, to love.
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Personalism
Ethics centred on people, rather than laws or objects.
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Maxims
Another word for moral rules, determined by reason.
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Duty
Duties are created by the moral law, to follow it is our duty. The word deontological means duty-based.
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Categorical imperative
An unconditional moral obligation that is always binding irrespective of a person's inclination or purpose.
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Hypothetical imperative
A moral obligation that applies only if one desires the implied goal.
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Kingdom of ends
An imagined future in which all people act in accordance to the moral law, the categorical imperative.
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Summum bonum
The highest, most supreme good.
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Principle of utility/greatest happiness
The idea that the choice that brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number is the right choice.
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Hedonic calculus
The system for calculating the amount of pain or pleasure generated by an action.
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Consequentialism
Ethical theories that see morality as driven by consequences, rather than actions or character of those concerned.
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Quantitative
Focused on quantity (how many, how big, etc).
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Qualitative
Focused on quality (what kind of thing).
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Act utilitarian
Weighs up what to do at each individual occasion.
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Rule utilitarian
Weighs up what to do in principle in all occasions of a certain kind.
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Sanctity of life
The idea that life is intrinsically sacred or has such worth that it is not considered within the power of a human being.
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Quality of life
A way of judging the extrinsic experience of life, that affects or justifies whether or not it is worth continuing life.
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Personhood
The quality of human life that makes it worthy - usually linked to certain higher capacities.
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Voluntary euthanasia
When a person's life is ended painlessly by a third party at the persons own request.
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Non-voluntary euthanasia
When a person is unable to express their wish to die but there are reasonable grounds for ending their life painlessly, for example if a person is in extreme pain.
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Involuntary euthanasia
Where a person is killed against their wishes, for example when disabled people were killed by Nazi doctors.
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Active euthanasia
A deliberate action performed by a third party to kill a person, for example by lethal injection. Active euthanasia is illegal in the UK.
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Passive euthanasia
The decision medical professionals make to withhold or withdraw medical treatment or life support that is keeping the person alive because they are not going to get better, or because the person asks them to.
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Corporate social responsibility
A sense that businesses have wider responsibilities than simply to their shareholders, including the communities they live and work in, and to the environment.
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Shareholder
A person who has invested money in a business in return for a share of the profits.
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Stakeholder
A person who is involved in some form of relationship with a business, for example, customers, employees etc.
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Whistle-blowing
When an employee discloses wrongdoing to the employer or the public.
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Capitalism
An economic system based on the private ownership of how things are made and sold, in which businesses compete freely with each other to make profits.
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Globalisation
The integration of economics, industries, markets, cultures and policy making around the world.
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Consumerism
A set of social beliefs that put a high value on acquiring material things.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

From the Latin for 'duty', ethics focused on the intrinsic rightness and wrongness of actions.

Back

Deontological

Card 3

Front

Living well, as an ultimate end in life which all other actions should lead towards.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

To follow the good and avoid the evil, the rule which all precepts follow.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The most important rules in life: to protect life, to reproduce, to live in community, to teach the young and to believe in God.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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