the Princple of Utility states that action are in so far as they promote happiness or please, wrong as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain.
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Define Rule utilitarianism
The right action is the one that is in accordance with the moral rule that has been shown in the past to maximise happiness.
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Define Preference Utilitarianism
The right action is the one that maximises total preference satisfaction.
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Breifly explain a Catagorical Imperative
A catagorical imperative is a rule/command that one must follow no matter what one's goals. It is an absoloute requirement. Kant argues that all moral maxims are catagorical imperatives.
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What does Kant mean by the Good Will?
the Good Will, according to Kant, is th eone thing that is good in and of itself i.e. without qualification. "It would sparklet like a jewel in own right, as something that has full worth in itself" (Kant 62)
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Breifly explain what eudaimonia is
Eudaimonia is commonly translated to 'happiness' but prehaps better descibed a 'living-well' and 'doing-well'. More literally is it translated as "the states of having a good indwelling spirit, a good genius"
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What does Aristotle mean by a 'mixed' voluntary action?
A mixed action is one that is partly voluntary and partly forced, such as when sailors throw goods overboard in a storm to save the ship. We may be responsible for such actions, and this may depends on the consequences.
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Define ethical naturalism
Ethical naturalism is a type of moral relaism and moral cognitivism, ethical naturalists argue that we can analyse moral concepts in naturalistic terms i.e. in terms of natural properties in the world.
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Define ethical non-naturalism
A dectrine that ethical statements express proposititions that cannot be reduced to non-ethical statements in the way naturalism assumes. It holds the view tht it is not possible to define 'good' in terms of natural properties (it is indefineable)
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Define what Aristotle means by a virtue
For Aristotle a virtue means an excellence of something, Aristotle defines it as "a state of character concerned with choice, lying in the mean..."
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The right action is the one that is in accordance with the moral rule that has been shown in the past to maximise happiness.
Back
Define Rule utilitarianism
Card 3
Front
The right action is the one that maximises total preference satisfaction.
Back
Card 4
Front
A catagorical imperative is a rule/command that one must follow no matter what one's goals. It is an absoloute requirement. Kant argues that all moral maxims are catagorical imperatives.
Back
Card 5
Front
the Good Will, according to Kant, is th eone thing that is good in and of itself i.e. without qualification. "It would sparklet like a jewel in own right, as something that has full worth in itself" (Kant 62)
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