A condensation reaction, formed from two molecules to form a larger molecule with the loss of a smaller molecule (water)
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Producing esters with acyl chlorides?
Esterification is slow and subject to equilibrium considerations. An acyl chloride and an alcohol give a vgiorous reaction at room temp, producing an ester and clouds of steamy acidic fumes of HCl
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Butanoic Acid + Propanol =
Propyl Butanoate (+ water)
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Volatility of esters?
Very
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Bonding of esters?
No hydrogen
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MP & BP of esters?
Relatively low and not very soluble in water or polar solvents
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Uses of esters?
Manfacturing of food and cosmetics
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Hydrolysis
Reverse reaction of esterification, water causes the compound to split up, very slow
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Acid Hydrolysis
Normal hydrolysis is catalysed with a dilute acid and heated under reflex with HCl or H2SO4. To get it as complete as possible add excess water
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Transesterification
A reaction of a triglyceride (a fat or an oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. The esters then produce biofuel
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Condensation polymerisation
When the monomers join together a small molecule gets lost, made by reacting two -COOH groups and a alcohol with two -OH groups
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General Formula of an Ester?
RC(=O)OR'
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Benefits of base hydolysis
This reaction is one-way unlike acid and the products are easier to separate.
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Production of biofuel
Base-catalysed transesterification of veg' oils, reacting oils with alcohols in the presence of a strong acid (NaOH)
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Pros of transesterification
Very efficient, with a conversion yield of about 98%, also economical with low temp and pressure and a cheap catalyst
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Transesterification of margerine?
Provides an alternate way of transforming mono- and polyunsaturated fats into chemicals solid at room temp'. It produces far fewer trans fats.
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