Epistemology

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What does Direct Realism suggest?
The senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world. What we see, hear, touch etc is actually there.
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How can Direct Realism be disputed? (Explain)
* The Argument from Illusion (Stick) *The Time Lag Argument (Sun)
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What does Indirect Realism suggest?
The immediate objects of perception are mind dependent objects, that are caused by mind- independent objects
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What are some responses to Indirect Realism?
*It leads to scepticism about the 'existence' of the external world. *It leads to scepticism about the 'nature' of the external world. *Problems arising from the view that mind-dependent objects represent mind-independent objects and are caused by it
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What is Berkeleys Idealism?
The view that nothing exists without it being percieved. 'Esse Est Percepi' to be is to be perceived.
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How can Berkeleys Idealism be criticised?
If things stopped being perceived by someone they stop existing according to B. Do we stop existing when we sleep?
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Who does Berkeley argue is the ultimate perceiver?
God. God perceives all and therefore all can exist.
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What is propositional knowledge?
Knowing something for sure. ''I know i am on the right side of the road''
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What is acquaintance knowledge?
Knowing something well based upon experiences with it. ''I know east london very well''
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What is ability knowledge?
Knowing how to do something. ''I know how to ride my bike around east london''
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What is the Tripartite view?
Justified true belief is necessary and sufficient for propositional knowledge. S knows that p is. Only if S is justified in believing so. P is true and S believes that P is.
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What are the issues with the Tripartite view?
Justification, Truth and Belief are not necessary conditions of knowledge. Cases of true beliefs that were down to luck and not knowledge for example.
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What is concept empiricism?
All concepts are derived from experience. Tabula Rasa eg.
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What is an issue with concept empiricism?
Concept innatism/rationalism- there are some innate ideas. Eg: Descartes 'trademark' argument- god exists because we have an idea of him. Its a trademark, that our creator has stamped into our minds
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What is Knowledge empiricism?
All synthetic knowledge is a posteriori and all a priori knowledge is merely analytic. Humes fork
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What are the criticisms of Knowledge empiricism?
1. Knowledge Innatism/Rationalism- the claim that there is some innate knowledge ie built in to the structure of our minds. Plato and Leibniz argued this. 2. Intuition and deduction, gaining knowledge through this. (Descartes on god and the self)
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What is A Priori knowledge?
Knowledge that can be known independently of experience
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What is A Posteriori knowledge?
Knowledge known and gained from experience
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What are analytic statements?
Statements that are true by definition
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What are synthetic statements?
Statements that are not true by definition alone
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What are necessary truths?
Truths which have to be true. Its impossible to conceive of necessary statements as false, the denial of an n truth leads to self contradiction.
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What are contingent truths?
Truths which it is possible to conceive as false; statements which happen to be true about the world but could have been otherwise.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How can Direct Realism be disputed? (Explain)

Back

* The Argument from Illusion (Stick) *The Time Lag Argument (Sun)

Card 3

Front

What does Indirect Realism suggest?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are some responses to Indirect Realism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Berkeleys Idealism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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