Epigenetics, miRNAs and chromatin modification

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  • Created by: Fitzalice
  • Created on: 04-05-18 09:13
Ernst Hackle said
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
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Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny means:
During development of an organism, you recapitulate all of evolution
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What happens in the 2nd cell division of C.elegans in the hypodermal cell lineage
2 anterior cells differentiate into hypodermal cells and the 2 posterior cells remain as stem cells
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What is the product of the hypodermal cell lineage
Cuticle and epithelial cell layer
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Phenotype of Lin-4 mutant
Repeated rounds of L1
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Phenotype of Lin-14 gain of function mutant
Same as Lin-4 LOF
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Phenotype of Lin-14 LOF
Skips L1, a precocious mutant
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Phenotype of Lin28 LOF
Skips L2
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What is a retarded mutation
Development happens Slowly or has repeated cycles of cell division
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Does Lin4 inhibit Lin14
Yes
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Does Let7 inhbit Lin-41
yes
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Phenotype of Lin-41
LOF forms L3 --> adult, skips L4
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Does Lin-41 inhibit Lin-29
Yes
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Phenotype of Lin-29
LOF repeated L4 divisions
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How were miRNAs controlling development discovered
Small degree of complementarity between Lin14 and lin4 and perfect conservation of Let 7 between species
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how many human miRNAs
721
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What percentage of human genes are tagetted
60%
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siRNAs in plants do what
TGS, RdDM
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Dicer and AGO show synthetic lethality to what
Rad51 - involved in DNA Damage repair
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Silencing of transposons by small RNAs
HetsiRNA in plants, piwi RNAs in mammals
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miRNA that targets Rb
miR106
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miRNA that targets SIRT1
miR-34a
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what is SIRT1
NAD dependent deactylase
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What does miR34a action result in
Increased acetylation of P53
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mi145 has what feature and targets what
P53 response element in its promoter region, targets c-Myc
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what does miR101 do
Targets the histone methyltransferase EZH2
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Lin-28 is a what
Protein
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Relationship between Lin-28 and Let-7
Lin 28 negatively regualtes Let-7 activity in L1
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How does Lin-28 inhibit Let-7 biogenesis
inhibits dicer cleavage of Let-7, recruitment of poly uridylation enzyme
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Lin-28 is knocked out in L2 by
Lin4
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Let-7 promotes differentiation so is therefore a
Tumour supressor
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Lin-28 promotes stemness and is therefore a
Oncogene
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EMT stands for
Epithelial Mesenchymal transition
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EMT is characterised by
Loss of epithelial polarity and cell adhesion
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ZEB1 and ZEB2 are
transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, and activators of EMT genes
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miR200 family
Repress ZEB translation and promote the epithelial phenotype
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Loss of expression of miR200 leads to
Enhanced tumour metastasis
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What does miR9 do
Repress E-cadherein translation
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How is Par downregulated
By a miRNA induced by TGF beta signalling
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Down regulation of Lin41 in L4 is due to
Upregualtion of Let-7
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Down regulation of Lin41 in L4 leads to
Up regulation of LIN29
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What does PTEN do
Tumour supressor
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What does PTEN1 do
Bind miRNAs targetted to PTEN
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Where is PTEN1 lost
in sporadic colorectal cancer
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what do mutations in miR-96 lead to
Progressive hearing loss
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Identifcation of mRNA targets is
Poor
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Card 2

Front

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny means:

Back

During development of an organism, you recapitulate all of evolution

Card 3

Front

What happens in the 2nd cell division of C.elegans in the hypodermal cell lineage

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the product of the hypodermal cell lineage

Back

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Card 5

Front

Phenotype of Lin-4 mutant

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