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6. What is an endemic?
- The constant low level presence of a disease or infection defined to a geographic location
- occurence of a disese in excess of numbers that are normally expected
- a gloabal infection
7. What is latency/latent period?
- time taken for disease to enter body
- the delay between exposure and disease , the period of initiation of infection to its detection
- time between first contact with an infectious agent and the appearance of the first disease symptom
8. Epidemiology today is largely directed at...?
- Chronic disease
- Acute diseases
- Incurable diseases
9. What is incidence?
- The amount of bacteria present in one individual
- No. of new events occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time
- the cumulative incidence of infection in a population observed over a period of time during an epidemic
10. A cohort study examines....
- any designated group individuals who are followed or traced over time
- diseases for which medical care is sought
- a study in which conditions are in direct control of the investigator
11. What are the first 3 steps in an outbreak investigation?
- preliminary epidemiologic investigation -> Specimen collection & lab analysis -> environmental investigation
- preliminary epidemiologic investigation -> environmental investigation -> Specimen collection & lab analysis
- Implementation of control measures -> case control study -> conclusion and dissemination of findings
12. What is attack rate ?
- No. of new events occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time
- the cumulative incidence of infection in a population observed over a period of time during an epidemic
- The amount of bacteria present in one individual
13. What are the determinants of disease?
- Host, Agent and environment
- temperature, time, type
- Virulence and structure
14. What is the odds ratio formula?
- Number of new and exsisting / divided by the total population
- odds that an exposed person develops the disease / odds that a non-exposed person develops the disease
- Number of exposed people infected with the disease / by the total number of exposed people
15. What is morbidity?
- measures the odds of exposure for cases compared to controls
- the relative incidence of a disease
- number of deaths in a population per unit time
16. The incubation period is the....
- the delay between exposure and disease , the period of initiation of infection to its detection
- time between first contact with an infectious agent and the appearance of the first disease symptom
- time taken for disease to enter body
17. What is prevelence?
- the cumulative incidence of infection in a population observed over a period of time during an epidemic
- proportion of people who have a specific condition at any specified time - the number of new and exsisting cases / the total population
- No. of new events occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time