... of total disease burden in 2010 was attributed to mental health problems.
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Psychosis is a broad term for...
clusters of symptoms (e.g. hallucinations/delusions)
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Schizophrenia is a form of
psychosis.
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W.H.O. described schizophrenia as what?
A severe mental disorder
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A.P.A. described schizophrenia as what?
A chronic brain disorder
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Schizophenia is characterised by...
hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech, and other symptoms that cause social/occupational dysfunction
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Symptoms must present for how long for DSM criteria?
6 months, including 1 month of active symptoms
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Schizophreniform disorder is what?
Schizophrenia symptoms for <6 months
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Schizoaffective disorder is what?
Schizophrenia but also presenting with symptoms of either depression or mania.
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Guloksuz et al.
Schizophrenia ignores evidence that psychosis expression is continuously distributed across the general population, would be better expressed dimensionally than categorically.
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Simeone et al. (2015)
First systematic review of schizophrenia prevalence in general populations published since 2005. Affects men/women about equally. Median 12 month prevalence rate 0.33% , lifetime prevalence rate 0.48%
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Simeone et al (2015) - Prevalence amongst general populations varied by:
study design, study quality, geographic region, and time of assessment
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Hilker et al. studied how many twin pairs?
31,524
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Hilker et al.
33% concordance rate with monozygotic twins for schizophrenia, 7% for dizygotic twins
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Strengths of Hilker et al.'s study?
Censoring was adjusted for this model for heritability estimates, and that improved method was applied to the nationwide twin samples to find participants.
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What is proposed to cause positive schizophrenia symptoms?
Excessive dopamine, as supported by research conducted on Parkinson's patients who were given L-Dopa, a dopamine precursor, and when the dose was too high they displayed positive symptoms.
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Anti-psychotics work by primarily blocking what?
Dopamine (D2) receptors
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Why don't antipsychotics treat all symptoms of schizophrenia?
They only treat the positive symptoms, ineffective at treating negative symptoms/cognitive deficits of schizophrenia
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Rothman et al. (2003)
Excitatory neural activity is primarily glutamatergic. 60-80% of brain's metabolic activity comes from gluamatergic activity.
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The multiple areas of the brain thought to be involved in schizophrenia are connected by a circuit of brain cells that rely on...
glutamate to communicate. It is therefore believed that insufficient/excessive glutamate activity may cause schizo. symptoms due to the interactions with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine or GABA
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Psychosis is a broad term for...
Back
clusters of symptoms (e.g. hallucinations/delusions)
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