Clinical diagnosis of child+adolescent psychiatric disorders increased in recent decades
1 of 20
McElroy
Average number of symptoms reported higher from those born after 2000s compared to 1990s, 70s, and 50s
2 of 20
7.4%...
... of total world disease burden 2010 was mental health problems
3 of 20
40.5%...
... of that 7.4% was due to depression, therefore depression=3% of total disease burden 2010
4 of 20
Wray
Hospital registers are traditional way of studying genetic susceptibility/heritability but difficult to gather sufficient numbers of families
5 of 20
Flint
Though there's plenty of convincing evidence for genetic susceptibility to disease, there's a dearth of substantive molecular genetic findings
6 of 20
Caspi et al.
Serotonin transporter gene 5HTT + Polymorphism combined, along with environmental stressors are found to predict depression
7 of 20
Pizzagalli et al.
Anhedonia found to be a good endophenotype (or hereditary bio-marker) for depression. Summarised animal data, found stress negatively affects the mesocorticalimbic dopaminergic pathway - crucial for reinforcement learning + incentive motivation
8 of 20
Keren et al.
Meta-analysis of 38 fMRIs and 12 EEG scans, found consistent neural aberrations during reward process in depressed ppts. blunted response to reward, may be more pronounced in <18s
9 of 20
Cromby
Though biology is crucial to experience the world, this does not mean experience is SOLELY biological
10 of 20
Mandelli et al.
Emotional abuse strongest association to depression, followed by neglect, physical abuse, domestic violence, and sexual abuse
11 of 20
McElroy
Those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) more at risk but only in recent generations
12 of 20
Salk et al.
Bio - hormone differences, findings mixed. Social - Girls more likely to be abused, experience chronic stress/socially support someone under stress. Appearance (cos media) added stress
13 of 20
Klerman et al.
Interpersonal psychotherapy - identifying key interpersonal problems, then make decisions/strategies to solve these problems
14 of 20
Jackobsen et al.
Several meta-analytic reviews, found SSRIs are an effective method of treatment for depression
15 of 20
Karyotaki
Combined therapy and medication provided better maintenance of recovery compared to pharmacotherapy alone at both 6 and 12+months
16 of 20
Fried et al
Due to the polythetic nature of diagnoses, there are 1000 different ways to have MDD without sharing a single symptom with another diagnosed with the same disorder.
17 of 20
Kessler et al.
Rule of 50%. Comorbidity: 50% of those who meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD will also meet criteria for 2nd disorder, and 50% of those who qualify for 2 will qualify for a 3rd, etc. Imperfect boundaries challenge "distinct" nature of diagnoses
18 of 20
DSM-V Criteria for MDD must be...
5+ symptoms that cause significant distress, persisting for more than 6 months, one of which must be depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
19 of 20
5 examples of criteria for MDE
Depressed mood most of the day, anhedonia, fatigue/loss of energy, insomnia/sleeping too much, unintentional weight loss/gain
20 of 20
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
McElroy
Back
Average number of symptoms reported higher from those born after 2000s compared to 1990s, 70s, and 50s
Comments
No comments have yet been made