Digestion happens in two stages. What happens during the physical breakdown of food?
Food is broken down into smaller pieces, e.g. by the teeth, so it is more easily ingested. It is also increases the surface area for more chemical digestion.
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Digestion happens in two stages. What happens during the chemical digestion?
Large insoluble molecules are broken down into more soluble ones by hydrolysis by hydrolases (enzymes which perform hydrolysis). These molecules are absorbed, carried to other parts of the body where needed and assimilated (incorporated in).
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What does the oesophagus do?
It transports the food (bolus) from the mouth into the stomach.
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How is the stomach not digested by its own stomach acid (and corresponding enzymes)?
Glands in the stomach wall produce mucus which prevents the wall being digested by its own enzymes. The mucus is also an alkali which neutralises the acid.
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What feature of the small intestine increases the surface area, and why is this beneficial?
The inner walls of the small intestine are folded into villi which then has microvilli on the epithelial cells of each villus. This increases absorption into the bloodstream.
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What is the purpose of the large intestine?
To absorb water.
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How are faeces removed from the anus?
By egestion.
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Name an enzyme that is present in saliva and its purpose.
Amylase - breaks down starch into maltose.
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What does pancreatic juice contain?
Proteases to digest proteins, lipase to digest lipids and amylase to digest starch.
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What do carbohydrates ultimately break down into?
Monosaccharides.
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What do lipids ultimately break down into?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
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What do proteins ultimately break down into?
Amino acids.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Digestion happens in two stages. What happens during the chemical digestion?
Back
Large insoluble molecules are broken down into more soluble ones by hydrolysis by hydrolases (enzymes which perform hydrolysis). These molecules are absorbed, carried to other parts of the body where needed and assimilated (incorporated in).
Card 3
Front
What does the oesophagus do?
Back
Card 4
Front
How is the stomach not digested by its own stomach acid (and corresponding enzymes)?
Back
Card 5
Front
What feature of the small intestine increases the surface area, and why is this beneficial?
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