Chains of amino acids which are folded into unique shapes
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What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction.
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What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things
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Explain the ‘lock and key’ theory of enzymes
The lock and key theory means that the enzyme will only speed up the reaction for a substance that fit the enzyme's unique shape.
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What temperatures do human enzymes work best at and what happens to enzymes if they are put into high temperatures?
Human enzymes work best at 37 degrees. If one gets overheated then some of the bonds break and it loses its special shape and it won't work any more. It's said to be denatured.
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Where is the amylase enzyme made and where does it act? What food does it break down and into what? Why do we need this nutrient?
Amylase is made in 3 places (salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine) and works in the digestive system. It converts starch into sugars which the body needs for energy which is released via respiration.
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Where is the protease enzyme made and where does it act? What food does it break down and into what? Why do we need this nutrient?
Protease is made in 3 places (stomach (called pepsin there), pancreas and small intestine) and works in the digestive system. It converts proteins into amino acids which the the body needs for building proteins which are the body's building blocks
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Where is the lipase enzyme made and where does it act? What food does it break down and into what? Why do we need this nutrient?
Lipase is made in 2 places (pancreas and small intestine) and works in the digestive system. It converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is converted into gluecose by the liver while fatty acids combine with glycerol to form fats/oils
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What type of acid is in the stomach and why does the body need it? (2 reasons)
Hydrocloric acid - 1) to kill bacteria, 2) to give the right pH for the Protease enzyme to work.
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Where is bile made and stored?
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
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Explain how bile aids the break-down of fats. (2 reasons)
Bile emulsifies the fats into tiny droplets creating a greater surface area for Lipase to work on, which makes digestion quicker. It also neutralises the stomach acid in the small intestine so that the enzymes there can work properly.
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Enzymes can be used at home in biological detergents. What types of enzymes are found in these and how are they different to human body enzymes? Why is this a benefit?
Protein (proteases) and fat (lipases) digesting enzymes are mainly found in biological detergents because they break down animal matter (blood/food stains). Produced by microorganisms to catalyse reactions outside them.
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Explain how enzymes can be used in industry in: a. Baby foods b. The production of sugar syrup c. Dieting foods (making fructose syrup)
a) The proteins are pre digested using proteases making it easier to digest. b) Carbohydrate digesting enzymes (carbohydrases) can turn starch syrup in to sugar syrup. c) Isomerase turns gluecose syrup to fructose syrup. Sweeter, less needed.
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What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry?
1) Only reaction you want, 2) Save money due to lower temp and pressure, 3) Work for a long time, do not to be renewed often,4) Biodegradeable, less/no pollution.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a catalyst?
Back
A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction.
Card 3
Front
What is an enzyme?
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain the ‘lock and key’ theory of enzymes
Back
Card 5
Front
What temperatures do human enzymes work best at and what happens to enzymes if they are put into high temperatures?
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