Enzymes

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  • Created by: Meklit.G
  • Created on: 10-06-17 18:48
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts
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How does an enzyme breakdown products?
Every enzyme has an active site where the substrate joins to catalyse (speed up) the reaction. The substrate (the key) fits into the enzyme (the lock) and the enzyme breaks it down.
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What mechanism is this breakdown called?
It is called the'lock and key' mechanism because the substrate fits into the enzyme like a lock fits into a key
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What is the optimum temperature of an enzyme?
The temperature at which it works best at
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If the temperature or pH is too high, what would happen to the enzyme?
It would become denatured
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What can affect the rate of reaction and how?
Substrate concentration (the higher the concentration, the faster the reaction), pH (every enzyme has an optimum pH but if it is too high or too low then the enzymes become denatured) and temperature (higher temp. faster reaction up to a point)
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How would the variables that affect the rate of reaction look on a graph?
The temperature would steadily increase at first but then it would rapidly decrease at a point, the pH would increase slightly after 0 and then it would decrease, the substrate concentration would steadily increase then it would stay the same after
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How can you calculate the rate of reaction?
Rate= 1000/time
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Which enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase breaks down starch into sugars (e.g. maltose)
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Which enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease breaks dow proteins into amino acids?
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Which enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
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What can some enzymes also do?
Some enzymes can join molecules together
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Why is synthesising (joining together) molecules important?
Organisms need to be able to synthesise carbohydrates, proteins and lipids from smaller components
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An example of an enzyme which joins molecules together?
Glycogen synthase joins many chains of glucose molecules to make glycogen (a molecule used to store energy in animals)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does an enzyme breakdown products?

Back

Every enzyme has an active site where the substrate joins to catalyse (speed up) the reaction. The substrate (the key) fits into the enzyme (the lock) and the enzyme breaks it down.

Card 3

Front

What mechanism is this breakdown called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the optimum temperature of an enzyme?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

If the temperature or pH is too high, what would happen to the enzyme?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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