Enzyme action

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Catalyst
A molecule or element that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but does not get used up in the process. It remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
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Extracellular enzymes
Enzymes that catalyse reactions OUTSIDE the cell
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Intracellular enzymes
Enzymes that catalyse reactions INSIDE the cell
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Activation energy
The minimum energy required for a reaction to take place. Different reactions have different activation energies. Enzymes reduce the activation energy.
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Optimum temperature/pH
The temperature/pH that gives the fastest rate of reaction in an enzyme-controlled reaction
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Denaturation
An irreversible change in the tertiary structure of an enzyme which leads to it not being able to function
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Optimum pH
The pH value at which the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction is at it's maximum. Each enzyme has a different optimum pH
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Buffer
A chemical solution that resists changes in pH by maintaining a constant level of hydrogen ions in solution
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Limiting factor
A variable that limits the rate of a process. If it is increased then the rate of the process will increase
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Enzyme inhibitor
Any substance or molecule that slows down the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction by affecting the enzyme molecule in some way
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Competitive inhibitor
A substance that reduces the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction by binding to the enzyme's active site because it is of a similar shape to the substrate
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Cofactor
A molecule or ion that helps the enzyme to work. It may be inorganic or a coenzyme
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Coenzyme
An organic non-protein molecule that binds temporarily to an enzyme active site. It is essential for enzyme activity
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Turnover number of an enzyme reaction
The number of reactions an enzyme molecule can catalyse in one second
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Enzymes that catalyse reactions OUTSIDE the cell

Back

Extracellular enzymes

Card 3

Front

Enzymes that catalyse reactions INSIDE the cell

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The minimum energy required for a reaction to take place. Different reactions have different activation energies. Enzymes reduce the activation energy.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The temperature/pH that gives the fastest rate of reaction in an enzyme-controlled reaction

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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